Term limits · 2001–2025 local elections

When the term ends, but the power doesn’t.

Local officials may serve three consecutive terms. 1,482 times since 2001, a term-limited official moved to another seat, handed the seat to someone with the same surname, traded seats, or came back for it.

Very high risk

124

Every case

460 seat moves

Each strip shows who won the seat in each election from 2001 to 2025.

Search name or placeRisk levelPatternProvince

Clear

This official (●)Same surname (S)Someone elseNo result on file

Highest risk Most recent

Mayor · San Isidro, Abra

Elmerante Pacsa Marilyn Pacsa

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · San Isidro
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Marilyn Pacsa
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2019Mayor · San Isidro
2022Mayor · San Isidro
2025Vice Mayor · San Isidro

Mayor · San Juan, Abra

Arthur Bautista Ari Bautista

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · San Juan
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Ari Bautista
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2019Mayor · San Juan
2022Mayor · San Juan
2025Vice Mayor · San Juan

Mayor · Balete, Aklan

Dexter Calizo Prescilla Calizo

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Governor · Aklan
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Prescilla Calizo
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2019Mayor · Balete
2022Mayor · Balete
2025Vice Governor · Aklan

Mayor · Tangalan, Aklan

Gary Fuentes Gene Fuentes

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Tangalan
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Gene Fuentes
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2019Mayor · Tangalan
2022Mayor · Tangalan
2025Vice Mayor · Tangalan

Mayor · Libacao, Aklan

Charito Navarosa Vincent Navarosa

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Libacao
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Vincent Navarosa
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2019Mayor · Libacao
2022Mayor · Libacao
2025Vice Mayor · Libacao

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Tangalan, Aklan

Gene Fuentes Gary Fuentes

High risk · 6 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2025

●

’01

●

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Gene Fuentes and Gary Fuentes traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2025
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 21 straight years

2019Vice Mayor · Tangalan
2022Vice Mayor · Tangalan
2025Mayor · Tangalan

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Libacao, Aklan

Vincent Navarosa Charito Navarosa

High risk · 6 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Vincent Navarosa and Charito Navarosa traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2025
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 27 straight years

2019Vice Mayor · Libacao
2022Vice Mayor · Libacao
2025Mayor · Libacao

Mayor · Anini-Y, Antique

Maxfil Pollicar Rene Pollicar

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Anini-Y
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Rene Pollicar
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2019Mayor · Anini-Y
2022Mayor · Anini-Y
2025Vice Mayor · Anini-Y

Mayor · Peñablanca, Cagayan

Intoy Taguinod Marilyn Taguinod

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Peñablanca
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Marilyn Taguinod
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2019Mayor · Peñablanca
2022Mayor · Peñablanca
2025Vice Mayor · Peñablanca

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Peñablanca, Cagayan

Marilyn Taguinod Intoy Taguinod

High risk · 6 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Marilyn Taguinod and Intoy Taguinod traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2025
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 27 straight years

2019Vice Mayor · Peñablanca
2022Vice Mayor · Peñablanca
2025Mayor · Peñablanca

Representative, 2nd District ⇄ Governor · Camarines Sur

Lray Villafuerte Luigi Villafuerte

High risk · 6 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Lray Villafuerte and Luigi Villafuerte traded Representative, 2nd District and Governor in 2025
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 27 straight years

2019Representative, 2nd District · Camarines Sur
2022Representative, 2nd District · Camarines Sur
2025Governor · Camarines Sur

Mayor · City of Bogo, Cebu

Carlo Martinez Mayel Martinez

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · City of Bogo
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Mayel Martinez
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2019Mayor · City of Bogo
2022Mayor · City of Bogo
2025Vice Mayor · City of Bogo

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · City of Bogo, Cebu

Mayel Martinez Carlo Martinez

High risk · 6 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Mayel Martinez and Carlo Martinez traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2025
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 27 straight years

2019Vice Mayor · City of Bogo
2022Vice Mayor · City of Bogo
2025Mayor · City of Bogo

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Kapalong, Davao del Norte

Edgardo Timbol Jr.Tess Timbol

High risk · 6 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2025

’01

●

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Edgardo Timbol Jr. and Tess Timbol traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2025
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 21 straight years

2019Vice Mayor · Kapalong
2022Vice Mayor · Kapalong
2025Mayor · Kapalong

Mayor · Malita, Davao Occidental

Bradly Bautista Benjamin Bautista

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Malita
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Benjamin Bautista
+2Surname held this office 24 straight years

2019Mayor · Malita
2022Mayor · Malita
2025Vice Mayor · Malita

Mayor · Santa, Ilocos Sur

Jesus Bueno Jr.Jj Bueno

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

●

’01

●

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Santa
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Jj Bueno
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2019Mayor · Santa
2022Mayor · Santa
2025Vice Mayor · Santa

Mayor · Cervantes, Ilocos Sur

Paby Maggay II Joyce Maggay

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Cervantes
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Joyce Maggay
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2019Mayor · Cervantes
2022Mayor · Cervantes
2025Vice Mayor · Cervantes

Mayor · San Rafael, Iloilo

Bert Belleza Beboy Belleza

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · San Rafael
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Beboy Belleza
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2019Mayor · San Rafael
2022Mayor · San Rafael
2025Vice Mayor · San Rafael

Mayor · San Pablo, Isabela

Antonio Miro Jr.Antonio Miro

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · San Pablo
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Antonio Miro
+2Surname held this office 24 straight years

2019Mayor · San Pablo
2022Mayor · San Pablo
2025Vice Mayor · San Pablo

Mayor · Balaoan, La Union

Aleli Concepcion Carlo Concepcion

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Balaoan
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Carlo Concepcion
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2019Mayor · Balaoan
2022Mayor · Balaoan
2025Vice Mayor · Balaoan

How the risk level is scored

Reached the 3-term limit	+1
Won a different seat in the same province the next election	+1
Vacated seat won by someone with the same surname	+2
Won the same office back later	+2
Traded offices with another official in one election	+2 (+1 if same surname)
Surname held the office 15+ / 21+ straight years	+1 / +2

Low risk 0–2 pointsModerate risk 3–4 pointsHigh risk 5–6 pointsVery high risk 7+ points

What this does and doesn’t mean

Every move counted here is legal. The Local Government Code (and, for House members, the Constitution) limits an official to three consecutive terms in the same office; it does not stop them from running for another office, or for the same office after one term out.

The risk level measures how concentrated a seat has become in one person or one surname. It is not an accusation of wrongdoing.

“Same surname” means a shared last name, or a last name that matches the other’s middle name, as BetterGov.ph Dynasties defines it. A shared name may not mean the two are related.

Source: COMELEC results 2001–2025 compiled by Open Halalan (ODbL), via the BetterGov.ph Dynasties dataset. Covers governor, vice governor, district representative, mayor and vice mayor seats. Representatives fall under the Constitution’s three-term limit.

Political families and surname blocs →