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Pilipiknow
Term limits · 2001–2025 local elections

When the term ends, but the power doesn’t.

Local officials may serve three consecutive terms. 1,482 times since 2001, a term-limited official moved to another seat, handed the seat to someone with the same surname, traded seats, or came back for it.

Very high risk
124
cases · 7+ points
High risk
460
cases · 5–6 points
Moderate risk
494
cases · 3–4 points
Low risk
404
cases · 0–2 points
Every case

460 seat moves

Each strip shows who won the seat in each election from 2001 to 2025.

Clear
This official (●)Same surname (S)Someone elseNo result on file
Highest riskMost recent
Mayor · San Mateo, Isabela
Roberto AgcaoiliCrispina Agcaoili
High risk · 5 pts
Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
’19
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · San Mateo
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Crispina Agcaoili
  • +1Surname held this office 18 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · San Mateo
  2. 2007Mayor · San Mateo
  3. 2010Vice Mayor · San Mateo
  4. 2013Vice Mayor · San Mateo
  5. 2016Vice Mayor · San Mateo
Mayor · Salvador, Lanao del Norte
Raida TawantawanHassanor Tawantawan
High risk · 5 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
S
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Hassanor Tawantawan
  • +2Surname held this office 27 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · Salvador
  2. 2007Mayor · Salvador
Mayor · San Pascual, Masbate
Zacarina LazaroJob Rivera
High risk · 5 pts
Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
’10
●
’13
●
’16
S
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · San Pascual
  • +2Won the same office back in 2013
  • +1Surname held this office 15 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · San Pascual
  2. 2007Mayor · San Pascual
  3. 2010Vice Mayor · San Pascual
  4. 2013Mayor · San Pascual
  5. 2016Mayor · San Pascual
Mayor · City of Makati, NCR, Fourth District
Jejomar BinayJejomar Binay
High risk · 5 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
S
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Jejomar Binay
  • +2Surname held this office 27 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · City of Makati
  2. 2007Mayor · City of Makati
Mayor · City of Himamaylan, Negros Occidental
Carminia BasconAgustin Bascon
High risk · 5 pts
Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
’19
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Enrique B Magalona Saravia
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Agustin Bascon
  • +1Surname held this office 18 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · City of Himamaylan
  2. 2007Mayor · City of Himamaylan
  3. 2010Vice Mayor · Enrique B Magalona Saravia
  4. 2010Vice Mayor · City of Himamaylan
  5. 2013Vice Mayor · Enrique B Magalona Saravia
Mayor · Manapla, Negros Occidental
Manuel EscalantePatrick Escalante
High risk · 5 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
S
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Patrick Escalante
  • +2Surname held this office 27 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · Manapla
  2. 2007Mayor · Manapla
Mayor · Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija
Nestor AlvarezEfren Alvarez
High risk · 5 pts
Same-surname successorReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
’13
●
’16
●
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Efren Alvarez
  • +2Won the same office back in 2016
  1. 2004Mayor · Science City of Muñoz
  2. 2007Mayor · Science City of Muñoz
  3. 2013Mayor · Santo Domingo
  4. 2016Mayor · Science City of Muñoz
  5. 2019Mayor · Science City of Muñoz
  6. 2022Vice Mayor · Science City of Muñoz
  7. 2025Vice Mayor · Science City of Muñoz
Mayor · San Luis, Pampanga
Jayson SagumVenancio Macapagal
High risk · 5 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
S
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Venancio Macapagal
  • +2Surname held this office 27 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · San Luis
  2. 2007Mayor · San Luis
Mayor · Macabebe, Pampanga
Leonardo FloresAnnette Balgan
High risk · 5 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
S
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Annette Balgan
  • +2Surname held this office 27 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · Macabebe
  2. 2007Mayor · Macabebe
Mayor · Villasis, Pangasinan
Nonato AbrenicaLibradita Abrenica
High risk · 5 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
S
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Libradita Abrenica
  • +2Surname held this office 27 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · Villasis
  2. 2007Mayor · Villasis
Mayor · Glan, Sarangani
Enrique Yap Jr.Victor Yap
High risk · 5 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
S
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Victor Yap
  • +2Surname held this office 27 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · Glan
  2. 2007Mayor · Glan
Mayor · Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte
Felicula EscañoAgustin Escaño
High risk · 5 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
S
’19
S
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Agustin Escaño
  • +2Surname held this office 24 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · Tomas Oppus
  2. 2007Mayor · Tomas Oppus
Mayor · Hadji Panglima Tahil, Sulu
Nedra BurahanAbraham Burahan
High risk · 5 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
S
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Abraham Burahan
  • +2Surname held this office 27 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · Hadji Panglima Tahil
  2. 2007Mayor · Hadji Panglima Tahil
Mayor · Bongao, Tawi-Tawi
Albert QueJasper Que
High risk · 5 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
S
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Jasper Que
  • +2Surname held this office 27 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · Bongao
  2. 2007Mayor · Bongao
Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Sitangkai, Tawi-Tawi
Tiblan AhajaSerbin Ahaja
High risk · 5 pts
Seat exchangeTerm limit 2010
’01
’04
●
’07
S
’10
●
’13
●
’16
S
’19
S
’22
●
’25
  • +2Tiblan Ahaja and Serbin Ahaja traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2010
  • +1Both share the same surname
  • +2Surname held these offices 27 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · Sitangkai
  2. 2007Vice Mayor · Sitangkai
  3. 2010Mayor · Sitangkai
  4. 2013Vice Mayor · Sitangkai
  5. 2016Vice Mayor · Sitangkai
  6. 2019Mayor · Sitangkai
  7. 2022Mayor · Sitangkai
  8. 2025Vice Mayor · Sitangkai
Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Balilihan, Bohol
Victoria ChattoDominisio Chatto
High risk · 5 pts
Seat exchangeTerm limit 2007
●
’01
●
’04
S
’07
S
’10
S
’13
’16
’19
S
’22
’25
  • +2Victoria Chatto and Dominisio Chatto traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2007
  • +1Both share the same surname
  • +2Surname held these offices 27 straight years
  1. 2001Vice Mayor · Balilihan
  2. 2004Vice Mayor · Balilihan
  3. 2007Mayor · Balilihan
Representative ⇄ Governor · Camiguin
Jurdin RomualdoPedro Romualdo
High risk · 5 pts
Seat exchangeTerm limit 2007
S
’01
●
’04
S
’07
S
’10
’13
’16
’19
’22
’25
  • +2Jurdin Romualdo and Pedro Romualdo traded Representative and Governor in 2007
  • +1Both share the same surname
  • +2Surname held these offices 27 straight years
  1. 2004Representative · Camiguin
  2. 2007Governor · Camiguin
  3. 2010Governor · Camiguin
Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Bacnotan, La Union
Rufino FontanillaMaria Fontanilla
High risk · 5 pts
Seat exchangeTerm limit 2007
S
’01
●
’04
S
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
S
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +2Rufino Fontanilla and Maria Fontanilla traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2007
  • +1Both share the same surname
  • +2Surname held these offices 27 straight years
  1. 2004Vice Mayor · Bacnotan
  2. 2007Mayor · Bacnotan
  3. 2010Mayor · Bacnotan
Representative ⇄ Governor · Sultan Kudarat
Suharto MangudadatuPax Mangudadatu
High risk · 5 pts
Seat exchangeTerm limit 2007
’01
●
’04
S
’07
’10
’13
’16
’19
’22
’25
  • +2Suharto Mangudadatu and Pax Mangudadatu traded Representative and Governor in 2007
  • +1Both share the same surname
  • +2Surname held these offices 27 straight years
  1. 2001Mayor · Lutayan
  2. 2004Representative · Sultan Kudarat
  3. 2007Governor · Sultan Kudarat
  4. 2010Governor · Sultan Kudarat
  5. 2013Governor · Sultan Kudarat
Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Reina Mercedes, Isabela
Restituto RespicioAnthony Respicio
High risk · 5 pts
Seat exchangeTerm limit 2004
●
’01
S
’04
S
’07
S
’10
’13
S
’16
S
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +2Restituto Respicio and Anthony Respicio traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2004
  • +1Both share the same surname
  • +2Surname held these offices 21 straight years
  1. 2001Vice Mayor · Reina Mercedes
  2. 2004Mayor · Reina Mercedes
  3. 2007Mayor · Reina Mercedes