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Pilipiknow
Term limits · 2001–2025 local elections

When the term ends, but the power doesn’t.

Local officials may serve three consecutive terms. 1,482 times since 2001, a term-limited official moved to another seat, handed the seat to someone with the same surname, traded seats, or came back for it.

Very high risk
124
cases · 7+ points
High risk
460
cases · 5–6 points
Moderate risk
494
cases · 3–4 points
Low risk
404
cases · 0–2 points
Every case

460 seat moves

Each strip shows who won the seat in each election from 2001 to 2025.

Clear
This official (●)Same surname (S)Someone elseNo result on file
Highest riskMost recent
Mayor · Sominot Don Mariano Marcos, Zamboanga del Sur
Teodoro AcostaStephen Acosta
High risk · 6 pts
Same-surname successorReturned to the seatTerm limit 2013
’01
●
’04
●
’07
●
’10
S
’13
●
’16
’19
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Stephen Acosta
  • +2Won the same office back in 2016
  • +1Surname held this office 15 straight years
  1. 2007Mayor · Sominot Don Mariano Marcos
  2. 2010Mayor · Sominot Don Mariano Marcos
  3. 2016Mayor · Sominot Don Mariano Marcos
Vice Mayor · Santander, Cebu
Marilyn WenceslaoWilson Wenceslao
High risk · 6 pts
Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
S
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Santander
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Wilson Wenceslao
  • +2Surname held this office 27 straight years
  1. 2004Vice Mayor · Santander
  2. 2007Vice Mayor · Santander
  3. 2010Mayor · Santander
  4. 2013Mayor · Santander
Mayor · Danao City, Cebu
Ramon Durano IIIRamon Durano
High risk · 6 pts
Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
S
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Representative, 5th District · Cebu
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Ramon Durano
  • +2Surname held this office 27 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · Danao City
  2. 2004Vice Mayor · Danao City
  3. 2007Mayor · Danao City
  4. 2007Representative · Cebu
  5. 2007Vice Mayor · Danao City
  6. 2010Mayor · Sogod
  7. 2010Representative, 5th District · Cebu
  8. 2010Vice Mayor · Dalaguete
  9. 2013Mayor · Dalaguete
  10. 2013Vice Mayor · Dalaguete
Mayor · San Francisco, Cebu
Alfredo Arquillano Jr.Aly Arquillano
High risk · 6 pts
Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
S
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · San Francisco
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Aly Arquillano
  • +2Surname held this office 27 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · San Francisco
  2. 2007Mayor · San Francisco
  3. 2010Vice Mayor · San Francisco
Mayor · City of Bogo, Cebu
Celestino Martinez IIICelestino Martinez
High risk · 6 pts
Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
S
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Barili
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Celestino Martinez
  • +2Surname held this office 27 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · City of Bogo
  2. 2007Mayor · City of Bogo
  3. 2010Mayor · Barili
  4. 2013Mayor · San Remigio
Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Santander, Cebu
Marilyn WenceslaoWilson Wenceslao
High risk · 6 pts
Seat exchangeTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
S
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Marilyn Wenceslao and Wilson Wenceslao traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2010
  • +1Both share the same surname
  • +2Surname held these offices 27 straight years
  1. 2004Vice Mayor · Santander
  2. 2007Vice Mayor · Santander
  3. 2010Mayor · Santander
  4. 2013Mayor · Santander
Mayor · City of Davao, Davao del Sur
Rodrigo Duterte IISara Duterte
High risk · 6 pts
Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
S
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · City of Davao
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Sara Duterte
  • +2Surname held this office 27 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · City of Davao
  2. 2007Mayor · City of Davao
  3. 2010Vice Mayor · City of Davao
Mayor · Currimao, Ilocos Norte
Rosario GoGladys Cue
High risk · 6 pts
Same-surname successorReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
●
’16
’19
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Gladys Cue
  • +2Won the same office back in 2016
  • +1Surname held this office 18 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · Currimao
  2. 2007Mayor · Currimao
  3. 2013Vice Mayor · Currimao
  4. 2016Mayor · Currimao
Vice Mayor · Santa Lucia, Ilocos Sur
Estrella HernaezFerdinand Hernaez
High risk · 6 pts
Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
S
’19
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Santa Lucia
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Ferdinand Hernaez
  • +2Surname held this office 21 straight years
  1. 2004Vice Mayor · Santa Lucia
  2. 2007Vice Mayor · Santa Lucia
  3. 2010Mayor · Santa Lucia
  4. 2013Mayor · Santa Lucia
Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Santa Lucia, Ilocos Sur
Estrella HernaezFerdinand Hernaez
High risk · 6 pts
Seat exchangeTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
S
’19
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Estrella Hernaez and Ferdinand Hernaez traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2010
  • +1Both share the same surname
  • +2Surname held these offices 21 straight years
  1. 2004Vice Mayor · Santa Lucia
  2. 2007Vice Mayor · Santa Lucia
  3. 2010Mayor · Santa Lucia
  4. 2013Mayor · Santa Lucia
Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · San Vicente, Ilocos Sur
Nancy TabandaJose Tabanda III
High risk · 6 pts
Seat exchangeTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
●
’13
S
’16
S
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Nancy Tabanda and Jose Tabanda III traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2010
  • +1Both share the same surname
  • +2Surname held these offices 27 straight years
  1. 2004Vice Mayor · San Vicente
  2. 2007Vice Mayor · San Vicente
  3. 2010Mayor · San Vicente
  4. 2013Vice Mayor · San Vicente
Mayor · Barira, Maguindanao
Alexander TomawisRocaya Tomawis
High risk · 6 pts
Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
S
’19
S
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Barira
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Rocaya Tomawis
  • +2Surname held this office 24 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · Barira
  2. 2007Mayor · Barira
  3. 2010Vice Mayor · Barira
Mayor · San Manuel, Pangasinan
Salvador Perez Jr.Amadeo Perez
High risk · 6 pts
Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
S
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · San Manuel
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Amadeo Perez
  • +2Surname held this office 27 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · San Manuel
  2. 2007Mayor · San Manuel
  3. 2010Vice Mayor · San Manuel
  4. 2013Vice Mayor · San Manuel
  5. 2016Vice Mayor · San Manuel
Mayor · City of Urdaneta, Pangasinan
Amadeo Perez Jr.Amadeo Perez
High risk · 6 pts
Same-surname successorReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
●
’13
S
’16
’19
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Amadeo Perez
  • +2Won the same office back in 2013
  • +1Surname held this office 18 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · City of Urdaneta
  2. 2007Mayor · City of Urdaneta
  3. 2013Mayor · City of Urdaneta
Mayor · San Narciso, Zambales
William LimPeter Lim
High risk · 6 pts
Same-surname successorReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
’16
●
’19
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Peter Lim
  • +2Won the same office back in 2019
  • +1Surname held this office 15 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · San Narciso
  2. 2007Mayor · San Narciso
  3. 2019Mayor · San Narciso
Mayor · Guipos, Zamboanga del Sur
Francisco Oraiz Jr.Junevell Balandra
High risk · 6 pts
Same-surname successorReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
●
’16
’19
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Junevell Balandra
  • +2Won the same office back in 2016
  • +1Surname held this office 18 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · Guipos
  2. 2007Mayor · Guipos
  3. 2016Mayor · Guipos
Vice Mayor · San Isidro, Abra
Elixer PacsaElmerante Pacsa
High risk · 5 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025
’01
’04
S
’07
S
’10
S
’13
●
’16
●
’19
●
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Elmerante Pacsa
  • +2Surname held this office 21 straight years
  1. 2019Vice Mayor · San Isidro
  2. 2022Vice Mayor · San Isidro
Mayor · Villaviciosa, Abra
Jose Lagen Jr.Jolet Lagen
High risk · 5 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025
●
’01
●
’04
S
’07
S
’10
S
’13
●
’16
●
’19
●
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Jolet Lagen
  • +2Surname held this office 27 straight years
  1. 2019Mayor · Villaviciosa
  2. 2022Mayor · Villaviciosa
Vice Mayor · Boliney, Abra
Julius Balao-AsBenipaz Balao-As
High risk · 5 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025
’01
’04
S
’07
S
’10
S
’13
●
’16
●
’19
●
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Benipaz Balao-As
  • +2Surname held this office 21 straight years
  1. 2019Vice Mayor · Boliney
  2. 2022Vice Mayor · Boliney
Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · San Juan, Abra
Ari BautistaArthur Bautista
High risk · 5 pts
Seat exchangeTerm limit 2025
’01
’04
’07
’10
’13
’16
●
’19
●
’22
S
’25
  • +2Ari Bautista and Arthur Bautista traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2025
  • +1Both share the same surname
  • +2Surname held these offices 21 straight years
  1. 2019Vice Mayor · San Juan
  2. 2022Vice Mayor · San Juan
  3. 2025Mayor · San Juan