Term limits · 2001–2025 local elections

When the term ends, but the power doesn’t.

Local officials may serve three consecutive terms. 1,482 times since 2001, a term-limited official moved to another seat, handed the seat to someone with the same surname, traded seats, or came back for it.

Very high risk

124

Every case

494 seat moves

Each strip shows who won the seat in each election from 2001 to 2025.

Search name or placeRisk levelPatternProvince

Clear

This official (●)Same surname (S)Someone elseNo result on file

Highest risk Most recent

Mayor · Masiu, Lanao del Sur

Nasser PangandamanNasser Pangandaman

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Nasser Pangandaman
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2010Mayor · Masiu
2013Mayor · Masiu

Mayor · Dulag, Leyte

Manuel QueMildred Que

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

●

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Mildred Que
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2010Mayor · Dulag
2013Mayor · Dulag

Mayor · Barugo, Leyte

Alden AvestruzMaria Avestruz

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Maria Avestruz
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2010Mayor · Barugo
2013Mayor · Barugo

Mayor · Jaro, Leyte

Rolando CelebreZharina Celebre

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Jaro
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Zharina Celebre

2010Mayor · Jaro
2013Mayor · Jaro
2016Vice Mayor · Jaro

Vice Mayor · Pagalungan, Maguindanao

Salik MamasabulodAbdilah Mamasabulod

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Abdilah Mamasabulod
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2010Vice Mayor · Pagalungan
2013Vice Mayor · Pagalungan
2019Mayor · Pagalungan
2022Mayor · Pagalungan

Mayor · Mobo, Masbate

Percival CastilloSusan Castillo

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Mobo
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Susan Castillo

2010Mayor · Mobo
2013Mayor · Mobo
2016Vice Mayor · Mobo
2019Vice Mayor · Mobo

Mayor · Batuan, Masbate

Charlie YusonCharmax Yuson

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Charmax Yuson
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2010Mayor · Batuan
2013Mayor · Batuan

Mayor · Cawayan, Masbate

Edgar CondorRamon Abinuman

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

●

’19

●

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Cawayan
+2Won the same office back in 2019

2010Mayor · Cawayan
2013Mayor · Cawayan
2016Vice Mayor · Cawayan
2019Mayor · Cawayan
2022Mayor · Cawayan
2025Mayor · Cawayan

Vice Mayor · Aloran, Misamis Occidental

Lenard RegaladoJimmy Regalado

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Jimmy Regalado
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2010Vice Mayor · Aloran
2013Vice Mayor · Aloran

Mayor · Balingasag, Misamis Oriental

Alexis QuinaMarrietta Abogado

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

●

’19

●

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Balingasag
+2Won the same office back in 2019

2010Mayor · Balingasag
2013Mayor · Balingasag
2016Vice Mayor · Balingasag
2019Mayor · Balingasag
2022Mayor · Balingasag
2025Mayor · Balingasag

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Cauayan, Negros Occidental

Jerry TabujaraJohn Tabujara

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+2Jerry Tabujara and John Tabujara traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2016
+1Both share the same surname
+1Surname held these offices 18 straight years

2010Vice Mayor · Cauayan
2013Vice Mayor · Cauayan
2016Mayor · Cauayan

Mayor · Gamay, Northern Samar

Timoteo Capoquian Jr.Henry Gomba

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

●

’19

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Gamay
+2Won the same office back in 2019

2010Mayor · Gamay
2013Mayor · Gamay
2016Vice Mayor · Gamay
2019Mayor · Gamay
2025Mayor · Gamay

Mayor · Laoang, Northern Samar

Madeleine OngHector Ong

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Hector Ong
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2010Mayor · Laoang
2013Mayor · Laoang

Mayor · Laur, Nueva Ecija

Alvaro DausAlexander Daus

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Alexander Daus
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2010Mayor · Laur
2013Mayor · Laur

Mayor · San Leonardo, Nueva Ecija

Froilan Nagano Jr.Elan Nagaño

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Elan Nagaño
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2010Mayor · San Leonardo
2013Mayor · San Leonardo

Mayor · Bansud, Oriental Mindoro

Ronaldo MoradaAngel Saulong

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

●

’19

●

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Bansud
+2Won the same office back in 2019

2010Mayor · Bansud
2013Mayor · Bansud
2016Vice Mayor · Bansud
2019Mayor · Bansud
2022Mayor · Bansud
2025Mayor · Bansud

Mayor · Quezon

Crispin ClacioCherry Clacio

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Cherry Clacio
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2010Mayor · Quezon
2013Mayor · Quezon

Mayor · General Nakar, Quezon

Leovegildo RuzolEsee Ruzol

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

●

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Esee Ruzol
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2010Mayor · General Nakar
2013Mayor · General Nakar
2019Vice Mayor · General Nakar

Mayor · Atimonan, Quezon

Jose MendozaRustico Mendoza

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Rustico Mendoza
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2010Mayor · Atimonan
2013Mayor · Atimonan

Mayor · Aglipay, Quirino

Jerry Agsalda Roy Saladino

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

●

’19

●

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Aglipay
+2Won the same office back in 2019

2010Mayor · Aglipay
2013Mayor · Aglipay
2016Vice Mayor · Aglipay
2019Mayor · Aglipay
2022Mayor · Aglipay
2025Mayor · Aglipay

How the risk level is scored

Reached the 3-term limit	+1
Won a different seat in the same province the next election	+1
Vacated seat won by someone with the same surname	+2
Won the same office back later	+2
Traded offices with another official in one election	+2 (+1 if same surname)
Surname held the office 15+ / 21+ straight years	+1 / +2

Low risk 0–2 pointsModerate risk 3–4 pointsHigh risk 5–6 pointsVery high risk 7+ points

What this does and doesn’t mean

Every move counted here is legal. The Local Government Code (and, for House members, the Constitution) limits an official to three consecutive terms in the same office; it does not stop them from running for another office, or for the same office after one term out.

The risk level measures how concentrated a seat has become in one person or one surname. It is not an accusation of wrongdoing.

“Same surname” means a shared last name, or a last name that matches the other’s middle name, as BetterGov.ph Dynasties defines it. A shared name may not mean the two are related.

Source: COMELEC results 2001–2025 compiled by Open Halalan (ODbL), via the BetterGov.ph Dynasties dataset. Covers governor, vice governor, district representative, mayor and vice mayor seats. Representatives fall under the Constitution’s three-term limit.

Political families and surname blocs →