Term limits · 2001–2025 local elections

When the term ends, but the power doesn’t.

Local officials may serve three consecutive terms. 1,482 times since 2001, a term-limited official moved to another seat, handed the seat to someone with the same surname, traded seats, or came back for it.

Very high risk

124

Every case

494 seat moves

Each strip shows who won the seat in each election from 2001 to 2025.

Search name or placeRisk levelPatternProvince

Clear

This official (●)Same surname (S)Someone elseNo result on file

Highest risk Most recent

Mayor · Paranas Wright, Samar

Felix Babalcon Jr.Eunice Babalcon

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Eunice Babalcon
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2010Mayor · Paranas Wright
2013Mayor · Paranas Wright

Vice Mayor · Hinundayan, Southern Leyte

Alfredo LagumbayElisa Cadingan

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Hinundayan
+2Won the same office back in 2019

2010Vice Mayor · Hinundayan
2013Vice Mayor · Hinundayan
2016Mayor · Hinundayan
2019Vice Mayor · Hinundayan

Mayor · Isulan, Sultan Kudarat

Diosdado PallasigueMarites Pallasigue

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Marites Pallasigue
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2010Mayor · Isulan
2013Mayor · Isulan

Mayor · Bacuag, Surigao del Norte

Sheila CebedoMoke Cebedo

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Moke Cebedo
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2010Mayor · Bacuag
2013Mayor · Bacuag

Mayor · San Clemente, Tarlac

Roseller Toledo Elma Macadamia

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · San Clemente
+2Won the same office back in 2025

2010Mayor · San Clemente
2013Mayor · San Clemente
2016Vice Mayor · San Clemente
2019Vice Mayor · San Clemente
2022Vice Mayor · San Clemente
2025Mayor · San Clemente

Mayor · Tabina, Zamboanga del Sur

Greg DayondonFruby Dayondon

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Tabina
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Fruby Dayondon

2010Mayor · Tabina
2013Mayor · Tabina
2016Vice Mayor · Tabina
2019Vice Mayor · Tabina

Mayor · Dumalinao, Zamboanga del Sur

Ace CerillesSweet Cerilles

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Sweet Cerilles
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2010Mayor · Dumalinao
2013Mayor · Dumalinao

Mayor · Tobias Fornier Dao, Antique

Maria FornierJose Fornier

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Jose Fornier
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2007Mayor · Tobias Fornier Dao
2010Mayor · Tobias Fornier Dao

Mayor · Maria Aurora, Aurora

Ariel BitongAmado Geneta

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

●

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Maria Aurora
+2Won the same office back in 2022

2007Mayor · Maria Aurora
2010Mayor · Maria Aurora
2013Vice Mayor · Maria Aurora
2022Mayor · Maria Aurora
2025Mayor · Maria Aurora

Vice Mayor · Maria Aurora, Aurora

Amado GenetaAriel Bitong

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Maria Aurora
+2Won the same office back in 2022

2007Vice Mayor · Maria Aurora
2010Vice Mayor · Maria Aurora
2013Mayor · Maria Aurora
2016Mayor · Maria Aurora
2019Mayor · Maria Aurora
2022Vice Mayor · Maria Aurora

Mayor · Casiguran, Aurora

Reynaldo BitongRicardo Bitong

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Ricardo Bitong
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2007Mayor · Casiguran
2010Mayor · Casiguran

Mayor · Pilar, Bohol

Wilson PajoNecitas Cubrado

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

●

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Pilar
+2Won the same office back in 2022

2007Mayor · Pilar
2010Mayor · Pilar
2013Vice Mayor · Pilar
2022Mayor · Pilar
2025Mayor · Pilar

Mayor · City of Tagbilaran, Bohol

Dan LimBaba Yap

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Baba Yap
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2007Mayor · City of Tagbilaran
2010Mayor · Sikatuna
2010Mayor · City of Tagbilaran

Mayor · Sanchez Mira, Cagayan

Napoleon SacramedAsela Sacramed

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Asela Sacramed
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2007Mayor · Sanchez Mira
2010Mayor · Sanchez Mira

Vice Mayor · Santo Nino Faire, Cagayan

Cesar CuntapayMarites Cuntapay

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Marites Cuntapay
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2007Vice Mayor · Santo Nino Faire
2010Vice Mayor · Santo Nino Faire

Mayor · Aparri, Cagayan

Ismael TumaruShalimar Tumaru

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Shalimar Tumaru
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2007Mayor · Aparri
2010Mayor · Aparri

Mayor · City of Iriga, Camarines Sur

Madelaine GazmenGanggang Alfelor

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Ganggang Alfelor
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2007Mayor · City of Iriga
2010Mayor · Goa
2010Mayor · City of Iriga

Mayor · Pilar, Capiz

Maria PatricioGideon Ike Patricio

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Gideon Ike Patricio
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2007Mayor · Pilar
2010Mayor · Pilar

Mayor · City of General Trias, Cavite

Luis Ferrer IVEmmanuel Maliksi

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

●

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Representative, 6th District · Cavite
+2Won the same office back in 2022

2007Mayor · City of General Trias
2010Mayor · City of General Trias
2013Representative, 6th District · Cavite
2016Representative, 6th District · Cavite
2019Representative, 6th District · Cavite
2022Mayor · City of General Trias
2025Mayor · City of General Trias

Vice Mayor · Naic, Cavite

Junio DualanRodrigo Castillo

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Naic
+2Won the same office back in 2022

2007Vice Mayor · Naic
2010Vice Mayor · Naic
2013Mayor · Naic
2016Mayor · Naic
2019Mayor · Naic
2022Vice Mayor · Naic

How the risk level is scored

Reached the 3-term limit	+1
Won a different seat in the same province the next election	+1
Vacated seat won by someone with the same surname	+2
Won the same office back later	+2
Traded offices with another official in one election	+2 (+1 if same surname)
Surname held the office 15+ / 21+ straight years	+1 / +2

Low risk 0–2 pointsModerate risk 3–4 pointsHigh risk 5–6 pointsVery high risk 7+ points

What this does and doesn’t mean

Every move counted here is legal. The Local Government Code (and, for House members, the Constitution) limits an official to three consecutive terms in the same office; it does not stop them from running for another office, or for the same office after one term out.

The risk level measures how concentrated a seat has become in one person or one surname. It is not an accusation of wrongdoing.

“Same surname” means a shared last name, or a last name that matches the other’s middle name, as BetterGov.ph Dynasties defines it. A shared name may not mean the two are related.

Source: COMELEC results 2001–2025 compiled by Open Halalan (ODbL), via the BetterGov.ph Dynasties dataset. Covers governor, vice governor, district representative, mayor and vice mayor seats. Representatives fall under the Constitution’s three-term limit.

Political families and surname blocs →