Term limits · 2001–2025 local elections

When the term ends, but the power doesn’t.

Local officials may serve three consecutive terms. 1,482 times since 2001, a term-limited official moved to another seat, handed the seat to someone with the same surname, traded seats, or came back for it.

Very high risk

124

Every case

494 seat moves

Each strip shows who won the seat in each election from 2001 to 2025.

Search name or placeRisk levelPatternProvince

Clear

This official (●)Same surname (S)Someone elseNo result on file

Highest risk Most recent

Mayor · Lope De Vega, Northern Samar

Erlinda CincoAna Palloc

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

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’04

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’07

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’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Ana Palloc
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2007Mayor · Lope De Vega
2010Mayor · Lope De Vega

Mayor · Aliaga, Nueva Ecija

Marcial VargasElizabeth Vargas

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

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’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Elizabeth Vargas
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2007Mayor · Aliaga
2010Mayor · Aliaga

Mayor · Bagabag, Nueva Vizcaya

Nestor SevillenaJohnny Sevillena

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Johnny Sevillena
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2007Mayor · Bagabag
2010Mayor · Bagabag
2025Vice Mayor · Bagabag

Mayor · Lingayen, Pangasinan

Ernesto CastanedaIday Castañeda

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Iday Castañeda
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2007Mayor · Lingayen
2010Mayor · Lingayen

Mayor · San Nicolas, Pangasinan

Leoncio Saldivar Jr.Rebecca Saldivar

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Rebecca Saldivar
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2007Mayor · San Nicolas
2010Mayor · San Nicolas

Mayor · Sual, Pangasinan

John ArcinueRoberto Arcinue

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Roberto Arcinue
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2007Mayor · Sual
2010Mayor · Sual

Vice Governor · Zamboanga del Norte

Francis OlvisSenen Angeles

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Senen Angeles
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2007Vice Governor · Zamboanga del Norte
2010Vice Governor · Zamboanga del Norte

Vice Mayor · Pilar, Abra

Noel BeronaChristopher Berona

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Christopher Berona
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2004Vice Mayor · Pilar
2007Vice Mayor · Pilar

Vice Mayor · San Luis, Agusan del Sur

Ronaldo Corvera Jr.Jose Chua Sr.

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010

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’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · San Luis
+2Won the same office back in 2019

2004Vice Mayor · San Luis
2007Vice Mayor · San Luis
2010Mayor · San Luis
2013Mayor · San Luis
2016Mayor · San Luis
2019Vice Mayor · San Luis
2022Mayor · San Luis
2025Mayor · San Luis

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · San Luis, Agusan del Sur

Ronaldo Corvera Jr.Jose Chua Sr.

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Ronaldo Corvera Jr. and Jose Chua Sr. traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2010
+1Surname held these offices 18 straight years

2004Vice Mayor · San Luis
2007Vice Mayor · San Luis
2010Mayor · San Luis
2013Mayor · San Luis
2016Mayor · San Luis
2019Vice Mayor · San Luis
2022Mayor · San Luis
2025Mayor · San Luis

Mayor · Culasi, Antique

Aida AlpasJoel Lomugdang

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Joel Lomugdang
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2004Mayor · Culasi
2007Mayor · Culasi

Mayor · Santa Marcela, Apayao

Evelyn Martinez Rolly Guiang

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

●

’19

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Santa Marcela
+2Won the same office back in 2019

2004Mayor · Santa Marcela
2007Mayor · Santa Marcela
2010Vice Mayor · Santa Marcela
2013Vice Mayor · Santa Marcela
2016Vice Mayor · Santa Marcela
2019Mayor · Santa Marcela
2025Mayor · Santa Marcela

Mayor · Sevilla, Bohol

Ceferino DigalErnesita Digal

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010

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’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Ernesita Digal
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2004Mayor · Sevilla
2007Mayor · Sevilla

Mayor · Sierra Bullones, Bohol

Simplicio Maestrado Jr.Alfredo Gamalo

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010

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’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Sierra Bullones
+2Won the same office back in 2013

2004Mayor · Sierra Bullones
2007Mayor · Sierra Bullones
2010Vice Mayor · Sierra Bullones
2013Mayor · Sierra Bullones
2016Mayor · Sierra Bullones

Mayor · Sumilao, Bukidnon

Marie Ann BaulaRey Baula

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010

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’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Rey Baula
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2004Mayor · Sumilao
2007Mayor · Sumilao

Vice Mayor · Kitaotao, Bukidnon

Rodito RafisuraLorenzo Gawilan Jr.

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Kitaotao
+2Won the same office back in 2013

2004Vice Mayor · Kitaotao
2007Vice Mayor · Kitaotao
2010Mayor · Kitaotao
2013Vice Mayor · Kitaotao

Mayor · Kitaotao, Bukidnon

Lorenzo Gawilan Jr.Rodito Rafisura

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010

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’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Kitaotao
+2Won the same office back in 2013

2004Mayor · Kitaotao
2007Mayor · Kitaotao
2010Vice Mayor · Kitaotao
2013Mayor · Kitaotao
2016Mayor · Kitaotao
2019Mayor · Kitaotao
2022Vice Mayor · Kitaotao

Vice Governor · Bukidnon

Alex CalingasanJose Zubiri

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010

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’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Governor · Bukidnon
+2Won the same office back in 2013

2004Vice Governor · Bukidnon
2007Vice Governor · Bukidnon
2010Governor · Bukidnon
2013Vice Governor · Bukidnon

Mayor · Libona, Bukidnon

Aurelio LopezLeonardo Calingasan

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

●

’19

●

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Libona
+2Won the same office back in 2019

2004Mayor · Libona
2007Mayor · Libona
2010Vice Mayor · Libona
2013Vice Mayor · Libona
2016Vice Mayor · Libona
2019Mayor · Libona
2022Mayor · Libona
2025Mayor · Libona

Mayor · Claveria, Cagayan

Pablo Bolante Jr.Celia Layus

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Claveria
+2Won the same office back in 2013

2004Mayor · Claveria
2007Mayor · Claveria
2010Vice Mayor · Claveria
2013Mayor · Claveria

How the risk level is scored

Reached the 3-term limit	+1
Won a different seat in the same province the next election	+1
Vacated seat won by someone with the same surname	+2
Won the same office back later	+2
Traded offices with another official in one election	+2 (+1 if same surname)
Surname held the office 15+ / 21+ straight years	+1 / +2

Low risk 0–2 pointsModerate risk 3–4 pointsHigh risk 5–6 pointsVery high risk 7+ points

What this does and doesn’t mean

Every move counted here is legal. The Local Government Code (and, for House members, the Constitution) limits an official to three consecutive terms in the same office; it does not stop them from running for another office, or for the same office after one term out.

The risk level measures how concentrated a seat has become in one person or one surname. It is not an accusation of wrongdoing.

“Same surname” means a shared last name, or a last name that matches the other’s middle name, as BetterGov.ph Dynasties defines it. A shared name may not mean the two are related.

Source: COMELEC results 2001–2025 compiled by Open Halalan (ODbL), via the BetterGov.ph Dynasties dataset. Covers governor, vice governor, district representative, mayor and vice mayor seats. Representatives fall under the Constitution’s three-term limit.

Political families and surname blocs →