Term limits · 2001–2025 local elections

When the term ends, but the power doesn’t.

Local officials may serve three consecutive terms. 1,482 times since 2001, a term-limited official moved to another seat, handed the seat to someone with the same surname, traded seats, or came back for it.

Very high risk

124

Every case

494 seat moves

Each strip shows who won the seat in each election from 2001 to 2025.

Search name or placeRisk levelPatternProvince

Clear

This official (●)Same surname (S)Someone elseNo result on file

Highest risk Most recent

Mayor · Sariaya, Quezon

Marceng GayetaMarivic Gayeta

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

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’19

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’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Marivic Gayeta

2019Mayor · Sariaya
2022Mayor · Sariaya

Vice Mayor · Binangonan, Rizal

Boyet YnaresRussel Ynares

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Russel Ynares

2019Vice Mayor · Binangonan
2022Vice Mayor · Binangonan

Mayor · Motiong, Samar

Renato CabaelRenren Cabael

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

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’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Renren Cabael

2019Mayor · Motiong
2022Mayor · Motiong

Vice Mayor · Maitum, Sarangani

Tito Balazon Freddie Balazon

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

●

’16

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’19

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’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Freddie Balazon

2019Vice Mayor · Maitum
2022Vice Mayor · Maitum

Mayor · Alabel, Sarangani

Vic Paul SalardaYbing Salarda

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Ybing Salarda

2019Mayor · Alabel
2022Mayor · Alabel

Mayor · City of Maasin, Southern Leyte

Nikko MercadoLuz Mercado

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Luz Mercado

2019Mayor · City of Maasin
2022Mayor · City of Maasin

Representative, 2nd District · Sultan Kudarat

Toto SuansingBella Suansing

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Bella Suansing

2019Representative, 2nd District · Sultan Kudarat
2022Representative, 2nd District · Sultan Kudarat

Mayor · Jolo, Sulu

Kerkhar TanEdsir Tan II

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Edsir Tan II

2019Mayor · Jolo
2022Mayor · Jolo

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Lugus, Sulu

Almedzar Hajiri Hadar Hajiri

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

’16

●

’19

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’22

’25

+2Almedzar Hajiri and Hadar Hajiri traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2025
+1Both share the same surname

2019Vice Mayor · Lugus
2022Vice Mayor · Lugus
2025Mayor · Lugus

Representative, 2nd District · Surigao del Sur

Johnny PimentelAyec Pimentel

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Ayec Pimentel

2019Representative, 2nd District · Surigao del Sur
2022Representative, 2nd District · Surigao del Sur

Mayor · Paniqui, Tarlac

Max RoxasKat Roxas

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Kat Roxas

2019Mayor · Paniqui
2022Mayor · Paniqui

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · San Clemente, Tarlac

Roseller Toledo Elma Macadamia

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Roseller Toledo and Elma Macadamia traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2025

2019Vice Mayor · San Clemente
2022Vice Mayor · San Clemente
2025Mayor · San Clemente

Mayor · Masinloc, Zambales

Arsenia LimHazel Lim

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Hazel Lim

2019Mayor · Masinloc
2022Mayor · Masinloc

Mayor · Bangued, Abra

Dominic ValeraMila Valera

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

●

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Mila Valera

2016Mayor · Bangued
2019Mayor · Bangued

Representative, 2nd District ⇄ Governor · Agusan del Norte

Angel Amante Dale Corvera

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+2Angel Amante and Dale Corvera traded Representative, 2nd District and Governor in 2022
+1Surname held these offices 15 straight years

2019Representative, 2nd District · Agusan del Norte
2022Governor · Agusan del Norte
2025Governor · Agusan del Norte

Vice Mayor · La Paz, Agusan del Sur

Albert JustoRabella Justo

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Rabella Justo

2016Vice Mayor · La Paz
2019Vice Mayor · La Paz

Vice Governor ⇄ Governor · Aurora

Christian NoverasGerardo Noveras

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+2Christian Noveras and Gerardo Noveras traded Vice Governor and Governor in 2022
+1Both share the same surname

2019Vice Governor · Aurora
2022Governor · Aurora

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Tuao, Cagayan

William Mamba Francisco Mamba Jr.

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+2William Mamba and Francisco Mamba Jr. traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2022
+1Both share the same surname

2016Vice Mayor · Tuao
2019Vice Mayor · Tuao
2022Mayor · Tuao
2025Mayor · Tuao

Mayor · Gen. Mariano Alvarez, Cavite

Walter Echevarria Jr.Maricel Torres

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Maricel Torres

2016Mayor · Gen. Mariano Alvarez
2019Mayor · Gen. Mariano Alvarez

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Can-Avid, Eastern Samar

Vilma GerminoToytoy Germino

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+2Vilma Germino and Toytoy Germino traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2022
+1Both share the same surname

2016Vice Mayor · Can-Avid
2019Vice Mayor · Can-Avid
2022Mayor · Can-Avid

How the risk level is scored

Reached the 3-term limit	+1
Won a different seat in the same province the next election	+1
Vacated seat won by someone with the same surname	+2
Won the same office back later	+2
Traded offices with another official in one election	+2 (+1 if same surname)
Surname held the office 15+ / 21+ straight years	+1 / +2

Low risk 0–2 pointsModerate risk 3–4 pointsHigh risk 5–6 pointsVery high risk 7+ points

What this does and doesn’t mean

Every move counted here is legal. The Local Government Code (and, for House members, the Constitution) limits an official to three consecutive terms in the same office; it does not stop them from running for another office, or for the same office after one term out.

The risk level measures how concentrated a seat has become in one person or one surname. It is not an accusation of wrongdoing.

“Same surname” means a shared last name, or a last name that matches the other’s middle name, as BetterGov.ph Dynasties defines it. A shared name may not mean the two are related.

Source: COMELEC results 2001–2025 compiled by Open Halalan (ODbL), via the BetterGov.ph Dynasties dataset. Covers governor, vice governor, district representative, mayor and vice mayor seats. Representatives fall under the Constitution’s three-term limit.

Political families and surname blocs →