Term limits · 2001–2025 local elections

When the term ends, but the power doesn’t.

Local officials may serve three consecutive terms. 1,482 times since 2001, a term-limited official moved to another seat, handed the seat to someone with the same surname, traded seats, or came back for it.

Very high risk

124

Every case

494 seat moves

Each strip shows who won the seat in each election from 2001 to 2025.

Search name or placeRisk levelPatternProvince

Clear

This official (●)Same surname (S)Someone elseNo result on file

Highest risk Most recent

Mayor · Mariveles, Bataan

Jesse ConcepcionAj Concepcion

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

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’07

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’10

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’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Aj Concepcion

2010Mayor · Mariveles
2013Mayor · Mariveles
2025Vice Mayor · Mariveles

Mayor · Loay, Bohol

Rosemarie ImboyRb Imboy

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Rb Imboy

2010Mayor · Loay
2013Mayor · Loay

Vice Mayor · Camalaniugan, Cagayan

Milagros LibatiqueGina Chan

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

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’07

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’10

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’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Gina Chan

2010Vice Mayor · Camalaniugan
2013Vice Mayor · Camalaniugan

Mayor · Allacapan, Cagayan

Leonila OniaHarry Florida

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Swapped seatsTerm limit 2016

●

’01

’04

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’07

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’10

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’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Allacapan
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2010Mayor · Allacapan
2013Mayor · Allacapan
2016Vice Mayor · Allacapan

Mayor · Caramoan, Camarines Sur

Constantino CordialMarlyn Cordial

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Marlyn Cordial

2010Mayor · Caramoan
2013Mayor · Caramoan

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Quezon, Isabela

Jimmy Gamazon Sr.Daryl Gascon

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

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’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Jimmy Gamazon Sr. and Daryl Gascon traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2016

2010Vice Mayor · Quezon
2013Vice Mayor · Quezon
2016Mayor · Quezon

Representative · La Union

Pablo Ortega

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Swapped seatsTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

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’07

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’10

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’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Representative, 1st District · La Union
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2010Mayor · City of San Fernando
2010Representative · La Union
2013Mayor · City of San Fernando
2013Representative · La Union
2016Representative, 1st District · La Union
2019Representative, 1st District · La Union
2025Vice Mayor · City of San Fernando

Mayor · Kalayaan, Laguna

Teodoro Adao Jr.Leni Adao

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Leni Adao

2010Mayor · Kalayaan
2013Mayor · Kalayaan

Vice Mayor · Kapatagan, Lanao del Sur

Paisal BansilRaida Maglangit

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Raida Maglangit

2010Vice Mayor · Kapatagan
2013Vice Mayor · Kapatagan

Vice Governor · Masbate

Vicente RevilKaye Revil

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Kaye Revil

2010Vice Governor · Masbate
2013Vice Governor · Masbate

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Cawayan, Masbate

Ramon AbinumanEdgar Condor

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Ramon Abinuman and Edgar Condor traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2016

2010Vice Mayor · Cawayan
2013Vice Mayor · Cawayan
2016Mayor · Cawayan

Mayor · City of Bago, Negros Occidental

Ramon TorresNicholas Yulo

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Swapped seatsTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · City of Bago
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2010Mayor · Negros Occidental
2010Mayor · City of Bago
2013Mayor · Negros Occidental
2013Mayor · City of Bago
2016Vice Mayor · City of Bago
2019Vice Mayor · City of Bago

Mayor · General Tinio Papaya, Nueva Ecija

Virgilio BoteFerdinand Bote

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Ferdinand Bote

2010Mayor · General Tinio Papaya
2013Mayor · General Tinio Papaya

Mayor · Lubang, Occidental Mindoro

Juan SanchezRoberto Sanchez

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

●

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Roberto Sanchez

2010Mayor · Lubang
2013Mayor · Lubang

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Roxas, Oriental Mindoro

Violeta DimapilisJackson Dy

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Violeta Dimapilis and Jackson Dy traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2016

2010Vice Mayor · Roxas
2013Vice Mayor · Roxas
2016Mayor · Roxas

Mayor · Mangatarem, Pangasinan

Teodoro CruzBalong Ventenilla

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Swapped seatsTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Mangatarem
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2010Mayor · Mangatarem
2013Mayor · Mangatarem
2016Vice Mayor · Mangatarem

Mayor · Anahawan, Southern Leyte

Roberto LoquinteJigo Loquinte

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Jigo Loquinte

2010Mayor · Anahawan
2013Mayor · Anahawan

Vice Mayor · Liloy, Zamboanga del Norte

Alfred ChanJun Uy

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Jun Uy

2010Vice Mayor · Liloy
2013Vice Mayor · Liloy

Vice Mayor · Dimataling, Zamboanga del Sur

Edmund BayaHaniel Baya

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Haniel Baya

2010Vice Mayor · Dimataling
2013Vice Mayor · Dimataling

Mayor · City of Ligao, Albay

Linda GonzalezPatty Gonzalez

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Patty Gonzalez

2007Mayor · City of Ligao
2010Mayor · Libon
2010Mayor · City of Ligao

How the risk level is scored

Reached the 3-term limit	+1
Won a different seat in the same province the next election	+1
Vacated seat won by someone with the same surname	+2
Won the same office back later	+2
Traded offices with another official in one election	+2 (+1 if same surname)
Surname held the office 15+ / 21+ straight years	+1 / +2

Low risk 0–2 pointsModerate risk 3–4 pointsHigh risk 5–6 pointsVery high risk 7+ points

What this does and doesn’t mean

Every move counted here is legal. The Local Government Code (and, for House members, the Constitution) limits an official to three consecutive terms in the same office; it does not stop them from running for another office, or for the same office after one term out.

The risk level measures how concentrated a seat has become in one person or one surname. It is not an accusation of wrongdoing.

“Same surname” means a shared last name, or a last name that matches the other’s middle name, as BetterGov.ph Dynasties defines it. A shared name may not mean the two are related.

Source: COMELEC results 2001–2025 compiled by Open Halalan (ODbL), via the BetterGov.ph Dynasties dataset. Covers governor, vice governor, district representative, mayor and vice mayor seats. Representatives fall under the Constitution’s three-term limit.

Political families and surname blocs →