Term limits · 2001–2025 local elections

When the term ends, but the power doesn’t.

Local officials may serve three consecutive terms. 1,482 times since 2001, a term-limited official moved to another seat, handed the seat to someone with the same surname, traded seats, or came back for it.

Very high risk

124

Every case

494 seat moves

Each strip shows who won the seat in each election from 2001 to 2025.

Search name or placeRisk levelPatternProvince

Clear

This official (●)Same surname (S)Someone elseNo result on file

Highest risk Most recent

Vice Mayor · Quezon, Nueva Ecija

Dean Joson Josie Joson

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Quezon
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Josie Joson

2019Vice Mayor · Quezon
2022Vice Mayor · Quezon
2025Mayor · Quezon

Mayor · Licab, Nueva Ecija

Femy DomingoWilly Domingo

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Willy Domingo
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2019Mayor · Licab
2022Mayor · Licab

Mayor · Santo Tomas, Pangasinan

Dickerson Villar

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Santo Tomas
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2019Mayor · Santo Tomas
2022Mayor · Santo Tomas
2022Vice Mayor · Santo Tomas
2025Mayor · Santo Tomas
2025Vice Mayor · Santo Tomas

Mayor · Pililla, Rizal

Dan Masinsin John Masinsin

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Pililla
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: John Masinsin

2019Mayor · Pililla
2022Mayor · Pililla
2025Vice Mayor · Pililla

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Angono, Rizal

Gerry Calderon Jeri Calderon

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+2Gerry Calderon and Jeri Calderon traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2025
+1Both share the same surname
+1Surname held these offices 18 straight years

2019Vice Mayor · Angono
2022Vice Mayor · Angono
2025Mayor · Angono

Vice Mayor · Tagapul-An, Samar

Erna Goc-Ong Vicente Limpiado Jr.

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Vicente Limpiado Jr.
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2019Vice Mayor · Tagapul-An
2022Vice Mayor · Tagapul-An

Mayor · Indanan, Sulu

Hermot JikiriAl-Bakil Jikiri

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Al-Bakil Jikiri
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2019Mayor · Indanan
2022Mayor · Indanan

Mayor · Lugus, Sulu

Hadar Hajiri Almedzar Hajiri

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Lugus
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Almedzar Hajiri

2019Mayor · Lugus
2022Mayor · Lugus
2025Vice Mayor · Lugus

Representative, 1st District · Surigao del Norte

Bingo MatugasLalo Matugas

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Lalo Matugas
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2019Representative, 1st District · Surigao del Norte
2022Representative, 1st District · Surigao del Norte

Mayor · Gerona, Tarlac

Eloy Eclar May Eclar

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Gerona
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: May Eclar

2019Mayor · Gerona
2022Mayor · Gerona
2025Vice Mayor · Gerona

Representative, 1st District · Tarlac

Charlie CojuangcoJaime Cojuangco

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Jaime Cojuangco
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2019Representative, 1st District · Tarlac
2022Representative, 1st District · Tarlac

Mayor · Palauig, Zambales

Billy Aceron Christian Aceron

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Palauig
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Christian Aceron

2019Mayor · Palauig
2022Mayor · Palauig
2025Vice Mayor · Palauig

Representative, 1st District · Zamboanga del Sur

Divina YuJoseph Yu

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Joseph Yu
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2019Representative, 1st District · Zamboanga del Sur
2022Representative, 1st District · Zamboanga del Sur

Vice Mayor · Pidigan, Abra

Arnulfo BisaresNoel Bisares

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

●

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Noel Bisares
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2016Vice Mayor · Pidigan
2019Vice Mayor · Pidigan

Vice Mayor · Tineg, Abra

Edwin Crisologo Sr.Corinthia Crisologo

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

●

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Corinthia Crisologo
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2016Vice Mayor · Tineg
2019Vice Mayor · Tineg
2025Mayor · Tineg

Vice Mayor · Madalag, Aklan

Rex GubatinaDindo Gubatina

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Madalag
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Dindo Gubatina

2016Vice Mayor · Madalag
2019Vice Mayor · Madalag
2022Mayor · Madalag
2025Mayor · Madalag

Mayor · Nabas, Aklan

James SolanoyMaria Lasaleta

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Nabas
+2Won the same office back in 2025

2016Mayor · Nabas
2019Mayor · Nabas
2022Vice Mayor · Nabas
2025Mayor · Nabas

Vice Mayor · Rapu-Rapu, Albay

Nora OnateOtoy Galicia

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Otoy Galicia
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2016Vice Mayor · Rapu-Rapu
2019Vice Mayor · Rapu-Rapu

Mayor · Guinobatan, Albay

Ann OngjocoChino Garcia

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Guinobatan
+2Won the same office back in 2025

2016Mayor · Guinobatan
2019Mayor · Guinobatan
2022Vice Mayor · Guinobatan
2025Mayor · Guinobatan

Mayor · Barbaza, Antique

Gerry Necor Bobby Necor

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Bobby Necor
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2016Mayor · Barbaza
2019Mayor · Barbaza
2025Vice Mayor · Barbaza

How the risk level is scored

Reached the 3-term limit	+1
Won a different seat in the same province the next election	+1
Vacated seat won by someone with the same surname	+2
Won the same office back later	+2
Traded offices with another official in one election	+2 (+1 if same surname)
Surname held the office 15+ / 21+ straight years	+1 / +2

Low risk 0–2 pointsModerate risk 3–4 pointsHigh risk 5–6 pointsVery high risk 7+ points

What this does and doesn’t mean

Every move counted here is legal. The Local Government Code (and, for House members, the Constitution) limits an official to three consecutive terms in the same office; it does not stop them from running for another office, or for the same office after one term out.

The risk level measures how concentrated a seat has become in one person or one surname. It is not an accusation of wrongdoing.

“Same surname” means a shared last name, or a last name that matches the other’s middle name, as BetterGov.ph Dynasties defines it. A shared name may not mean the two are related.

Source: COMELEC results 2001–2025 compiled by Open Halalan (ODbL), via the BetterGov.ph Dynasties dataset. Covers governor, vice governor, district representative, mayor and vice mayor seats. Representatives fall under the Constitution’s three-term limit.

Political families and surname blocs →