Term limits · 2001–2025 local elections

When the term ends, but the power doesn’t.

Local officials may serve three consecutive terms. 1,482 times since 2001, a term-limited official moved to another seat, handed the seat to someone with the same surname, traded seats, or came back for it.

Very high risk

124

Every case

494 seat moves

Each strip shows who won the seat in each election from 2001 to 2025.

Search name or placeRisk levelPatternProvince

Clear

This official (●)Same surname (S)Someone elseNo result on file

Highest risk Most recent

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Carigara, Leyte

Eduardo Ong Jr.Boy Ong

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+2Eduardo Ong Jr. and Boy Ong traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2022
+1Both share the same surname
+1Surname held these offices 15 straight years

2019Vice Mayor · Carigara
2022Mayor · Carigara

Mayor · Sultan Sa Barongis, Maguindanao

Ramdatu AngasAllandatu Angas Sr.

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Allandatu Angas Sr.
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2016Mayor · Sultan Sa Barongis
2019Mayor · Sultan Sa Barongis

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Shariff Aguak, Maguindanao

Akmad AmpatuanMarop Ampatuan

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+2Akmad Ampatuan and Marop Ampatuan traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2022
+1Both share the same surname
+1Surname held these offices 15 straight years

2016Vice Mayor · Shariff Aguak
2019Vice Mayor · Shariff Aguak
2022Mayor · Shariff Aguak

Representative, 2nd District ⇄ Vice Governor · Masbate

Olga Kho Ara Kho

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

●

’25

+2Olga Kho and Ara Kho traded Representative, 2nd District and Vice Governor in 2022
+1Both share the same surname
+1Surname held these offices 18 straight years

2016Representative, 2nd District · Masbate
2019Representative, 2nd District · Masbate
2022Vice Governor · Masbate
2025Representative, 2nd District · Masbate

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Baleno, Masbate

Marites Dela Rosa Romeo Dela Rosa

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+2Marites Dela Rosa and Romeo Dela Rosa traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2022
+1Both share the same surname
+1Surname held these offices 18 straight years

2016Vice Mayor · Baleno
2019Vice Mayor · Baleno
2022Mayor · Baleno
2025Mayor · Baleno

Mayor · Baliangao, Misamis Occidental

Agne Yap Sr.Haneya Chiong

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

●

’01

●

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Haneya Chiong
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2016Mayor · Baliangao
2019Mayor · Baliangao
2025Vice Mayor · Baliangao

Vice Mayor · City of Sagay, Negros Occidental

Narwin Javelosa Bebo Cueva

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · City of Sagay
+2Won the same office back in 2025

2016Vice Mayor · City of Sagay
2019Vice Mayor · City of Sagay
2022Mayor · City of Sagay
2025Vice Mayor · City of Sagay

Vice Mayor · City of Guihulngan, Negros Oriental

Ernesto ReyesAna Reyes

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

●

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Ana Reyes
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2016Vice Mayor · City of Guihulngan
2019Vice Mayor · City of Guihulngan

Mayor · Manjuyod, Negros Oriental

Felix SyRaffy Andaya

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Raffy Andaya
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2016Mayor · Manjuyod
2019Mayor · Manjuyod

Mayor · San Roque, Northern Samar

Don Abalon Ate Abalon

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

●

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Ate Abalon
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2016Mayor · San Roque
2019Mayor · San Roque

Mayor · Mondragon, Northern Samar

Mario MaderaLerma Madera

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Lerma Madera
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2016Mayor · Mondragon
2019Mayor · Mondragon

Mayor · Carranglan, Nueva Ecija

Mary AbadRogelio Abad

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Rogelio Abad
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2016Mayor · Carranglan
2019Mayor · Carranglan

Mayor · City of Palayan, Nueva Ecija

Rianne CuevasVianne Cuevas

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Vianne Cuevas
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2016Mayor · City of Palayan
2019Mayor · City of Palayan

Mayor · Bani, Pangasinan

Gwen Yamamoto Boying Palafox Jr.

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Boying Palafox Jr.
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2016Mayor · Bani
2019Mayor · Bani
2025Vice Mayor · Bani

Mayor · Polillo, Quezon

Cristina BosqueAngelique Bosque

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Angelique Bosque
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2016Mayor · Polillo
2019Mayor · Polillo

Mayor · San Jose, Romblon

Ronnie SamsonEgdon Sombilon

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · San Jose
+2Won the same office back in 2025

2016Mayor · San Jose
2019Mayor · San Jose
2022Vice Mayor · San Jose
2025Mayor · San Jose

Mayor · Cajidiocan, Romblon

Nicasio RamosGreggy Ramos

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

●

’01

’04

●

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Greggy Ramos
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2016Mayor · Cajidiocan
2019Mayor · Cajidiocan

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Tarangnan, Samar

Danny TanArnel Tan

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+2Danny Tan and Arnel Tan traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2022
+1Both share the same surname
+1Surname held these offices 15 straight years

2016Mayor · Tarangnan
2019Vice Mayor · Tarangnan
2022Mayor · Tarangnan
2025Mayor · Tarangnan

Representative, 1st District · Sorsogon

Nanay EscuderoDette Escudero

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Dette Escudero
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2016Representative, 1st District · Sorsogon
2019Representative, 1st District · Sorsogon

Vice Mayor · Omar, Sulu

Juddin PantasanJuddin-Nur Pantasan

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Juddin-Nur Pantasan
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2016Vice Mayor · Omar
2019Vice Mayor · Omar

How the risk level is scored

Reached the 3-term limit	+1
Won a different seat in the same province the next election	+1
Vacated seat won by someone with the same surname	+2
Won the same office back later	+2
Traded offices with another official in one election	+2 (+1 if same surname)
Surname held the office 15+ / 21+ straight years	+1 / +2

Low risk 0–2 pointsModerate risk 3–4 pointsHigh risk 5–6 pointsVery high risk 7+ points

What this does and doesn’t mean

Every move counted here is legal. The Local Government Code (and, for House members, the Constitution) limits an official to three consecutive terms in the same office; it does not stop them from running for another office, or for the same office after one term out.

The risk level measures how concentrated a seat has become in one person or one surname. It is not an accusation of wrongdoing.

“Same surname” means a shared last name, or a last name that matches the other’s middle name, as BetterGov.ph Dynasties defines it. A shared name may not mean the two are related.

Source: COMELEC results 2001–2025 compiled by Open Halalan (ODbL), via the BetterGov.ph Dynasties dataset. Covers governor, vice governor, district representative, mayor and vice mayor seats. Representatives fall under the Constitution’s three-term limit.

Political families and surname blocs →