Term limits · 2001–2025 local elections

When the term ends, but the power doesn’t.

Local officials may serve three consecutive terms. 1,482 times since 2001, a term-limited official moved to another seat, handed the seat to someone with the same surname, traded seats, or came back for it.

Very high risk

124

Every case

494 seat moves

Each strip shows who won the seat in each election from 2001 to 2025.

Search name or placeRisk levelPatternProvince

Clear

This official (●)Same surname (S)Someone elseNo result on file

Highest risk Most recent

Mayor · Pres Carlos P Garcia Pitogo, Bohol

Tesalonica BoyboyEping Estavilla

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Eping Estavilla
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2010Mayor · Pres Carlos P Garcia Pitogo
2013Mayor · Pres Carlos P Garcia Pitogo

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Calape, Bohol

Nelson YuSulpicio Yu

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+2Nelson Yu and Sulpicio Yu traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2016
+1Both share the same surname
+1Surname held these offices 15 straight years

2010Vice Mayor · Calape
2013Vice Mayor · Calape
2016Mayor · Calape
2019Mayor · Calape

Vice Mayor · Lantapan, Bukidnon

Ernie Devibar Jungals Gallano

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Lantapan
+2Won the same office back in 2025

2010Vice Mayor · Lantapan
2013Vice Mayor · Lantapan
2016Mayor · Lantapan
2019Mayor · Lantapan
2022Mayor · Lantapan
2025Vice Mayor · Lantapan

Mayor · Santo Nino Faire, Cagayan

Andrew PagurayanVicente Pagurayan

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Vicente Pagurayan
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2010Mayor · Santo Nino Faire
2013Mayor · Santo Nino Faire

Mayor · City of Mandaue, Cebu

Jonas CortesLuigi Quisumbing

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Representative, 6th District · Cebu
+2Won the same office back in 2019

2010Mayor · Malabuyoc
2010Mayor · City of Mandaue
2013Mayor · Malabuyoc
2013Mayor · City of Mandaue
2016Representative, 6th District · Cebu
2019Mayor · City of Mandaue
2022Mayor · City of Mandaue

Mayor · Oslob, Cebu

Ronald GuarenJun Tumulak

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

●

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Oslob
+2Won the same office back in 2022

2010Mayor · Oslob
2013Mayor · Oslob
2016Vice Mayor · Oslob
2022Mayor · Oslob
2025Mayor · Oslob

Governor · Davao de Oro

Arturo UyJayvee Uy

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Jayvee Uy
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2010Governor · Davao de Oro
2013Governor · Davao de Oro

Mayor · New Bataan, Davao de Oro

Lorenzo Balbin Jr.Geraldford Balbin

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Geraldford Balbin
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2010Mayor · New Bataan
2013Mayor · New Bataan

Mayor · Hagonoy, Davao del Sur

Franco CalidaConrado Laza

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Hagonoy
+2Won the same office back in 2019

2010Mayor · Hagonoy
2013Mayor · Hagonoy
2016Vice Mayor · Hagonoy
2019Mayor · Hagonoy
2022Mayor · Hagonoy

Mayor · Matanao, Davao del Sur

Vicente FernandezVincent Fernandez

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Vincent Fernandez
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2010Mayor · Matanao
2013Mayor · Matanao

Mayor · Lupon, Davao Oriental

Domingo LimLinda Lim

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Linda Lim
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2010Mayor · Lupon
2013Mayor · Lupon

Mayor · General Macarthur, Eastern Samar

Jaime TyFlora Ty

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Flora Ty
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2010Mayor · General Macarthur
2013Mayor · General Macarthur

Mayor · Vintar, Ilocos Norte

Jose ForondaLarisa Foronda

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Larisa Foronda
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2010Mayor · Vintar
2013Mayor · Vintar

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Currimao, Ilocos Norte

Rosario GoGladys Cue

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+2Rosario Go and Gladys Cue traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2016
+1Both share the same surname
+1Surname held these offices 18 straight years

2013Vice Mayor · Currimao
2016Mayor · Currimao

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Santa Cruz, Ilocos Sur

Virgilio Valle Teresita Valle

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

●

’19

’22

●

’25

+2Virgilio Valle and Teresita Valle traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2016
+1Both share the same surname
+1Surname held these offices 18 straight years

2010Vice Mayor · Santa Cruz
2013Vice Mayor · Santa Cruz
2016Mayor · Santa Cruz
2019Vice Mayor · Santa Cruz
2025Vice Mayor · Santa Cruz

Mayor · Dingle, Iloilo

Rufino Palabrica Jessie Alecto

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

●

’19

●

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Dingle
+2Won the same office back in 2019

2010Mayor · Dingle
2013Mayor · Dingle
2016Vice Mayor · Dingle
2019Mayor · Dingle
2022Mayor · Dingle
2025Mayor · Dingle

Mayor · Quezon, Isabela

Daryl Gascon Jimmy Gamazon Sr.

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Quezon
+2Won the same office back in 2025

2010Mayor · Quezon
2013Mayor · Quezon
2016Vice Mayor · Quezon
2022Vice Mayor · Quezon
2025Mayor · Quezon

Vice Mayor · Benito Soliven, Isabela

Roberto Lungan Jp Azur

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Benito Soliven
+2Won the same office back in 2025

2010Vice Mayor · Benito Soliven
2013Vice Mayor · Benito Soliven
2016Mayor · Benito Soliven
2019Mayor · Benito Soliven
2022Mayor · Benito Soliven
2025Vice Mayor · Benito Soliven

Mayor · San Gabriel, La Union

Divina VelascoHermie Velasco

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Hermie Velasco
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2010Mayor · San Gabriel
2013Mayor · San Gabriel
2019Vice Mayor · San Gabriel

Mayor · Munai, Lanao del Norte

Muammar MaquilingCasan Maquiling

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Casan Maquiling
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2010Mayor · Munai
2013Mayor · Munai

How the risk level is scored

Reached the 3-term limit	+1
Won a different seat in the same province the next election	+1
Vacated seat won by someone with the same surname	+2
Won the same office back later	+2
Traded offices with another official in one election	+2 (+1 if same surname)
Surname held the office 15+ / 21+ straight years	+1 / +2

Low risk 0–2 pointsModerate risk 3–4 pointsHigh risk 5–6 pointsVery high risk 7+ points

What this does and doesn’t mean

Every move counted here is legal. The Local Government Code (and, for House members, the Constitution) limits an official to three consecutive terms in the same office; it does not stop them from running for another office, or for the same office after one term out.

The risk level measures how concentrated a seat has become in one person or one surname. It is not an accusation of wrongdoing.

“Same surname” means a shared last name, or a last name that matches the other’s middle name, as BetterGov.ph Dynasties defines it. A shared name may not mean the two are related.

Source: COMELEC results 2001–2025 compiled by Open Halalan (ODbL), via the BetterGov.ph Dynasties dataset. Covers governor, vice governor, district representative, mayor and vice mayor seats. Representatives fall under the Constitution’s three-term limit.

Political families and surname blocs →