Term limits · 2001–2025 local elections

When the term ends, but the power doesn’t.

Local officials may serve three consecutive terms. 1,482 times since 2001, a term-limited official moved to another seat, handed the seat to someone with the same surname, traded seats, or came back for it.

Very high risk

124

Every case

1,482 seat moves

Each strip shows who won the seat in each election from 2001 to 2025.

Search name or placeRisk levelPatternProvince

This official (●)Same surname (S)Someone elseNo result on file

Highest risk Most recent

Mayor · Ferrol, Romblon

Jason FabilaJovencio Mayor

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Ferrol
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Jovencio Mayor
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2007Mayor · Ferrol
2010Mayor · Ferrol
2013Vice Mayor · Ferrol

Mayor · Tagapul-An, Samar

Vicente Limpiado Jr.

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Tagapul-An
+2Won the same office back in 2016
+2Surname held this office 24 straight years

2007Mayor · Tagapul-An
2010Mayor · Tagapul-An
2013Mayor · Tagapul-An
2013Vice Mayor · Tagapul-An
2016Mayor · Tagapul-An
2019Mayor · Tagapul-An
2022Mayor · Tagapul-An
2025Vice Mayor · Tagapul-An

Mayor · Sogod, Southern Leyte

Sheffered TanImelda Tan

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Governor · Southern Leyte
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Imelda Tan
+2Surname held this office 24 straight years

2007Mayor · Sogod
2010Mayor · Sogod
2013Vice Governor · Southern Leyte

Mayor · City of Tacurong, Sultan Kudarat

Lina Montilla

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

●

’16

’19

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Sen. Ninoy Aquino
+2Won the same office back in 2016
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2007Mayor · City of Tacurong
2010Mayor · Sen. Ninoy Aquino
2010Mayor · City of Tacurong
2013Mayor · Sen. Ninoy Aquino
2013Mayor · City of Tacurong
2016Mayor · City of Tacurong
2022Vice Mayor · City of Tacurong
2025Mayor · City of Tacurong

Mayor · Sominot Don Mariano Marcos, Zamboanga del Sur

Teodoro AcostaStephen Acosta

High risk · 6 pts

Same-surname successorReturned to the seatTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

●

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Stephen Acosta
+2Won the same office back in 2016
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2007Mayor · Sominot Don Mariano Marcos
2010Mayor · Sominot Don Mariano Marcos
2016Mayor · Sominot Don Mariano Marcos

Vice Mayor · Santander, Cebu

Marilyn WenceslaoWilson Wenceslao

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Santander
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Wilson Wenceslao
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2004Vice Mayor · Santander
2007Vice Mayor · Santander
2010Mayor · Santander
2013Mayor · Santander

Mayor · Danao City, Cebu

Ramon Durano IIIRamon Durano

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Representative, 5th District · Cebu
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Ramon Durano
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2004Mayor · Danao City
2004Vice Mayor · Danao City
2007Mayor · Danao City
2007Representative · Cebu
2007Vice Mayor · Danao City
2010Mayor · Sogod
2010Representative, 5th District · Cebu
2010Vice Mayor · Dalaguete
2013Mayor · Dalaguete
2013Vice Mayor · Dalaguete

Mayor · San Francisco, Cebu

Alfredo Arquillano Jr.Aly Arquillano

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · San Francisco
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Aly Arquillano
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2004Mayor · San Francisco
2007Mayor · San Francisco
2010Vice Mayor · San Francisco

Mayor · City of Bogo, Cebu

Celestino Martinez IIICelestino Martinez

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Barili
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Celestino Martinez
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2004Mayor · City of Bogo
2007Mayor · City of Bogo
2010Mayor · Barili
2013Mayor · San Remigio

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Santander, Cebu

Marilyn WenceslaoWilson Wenceslao

High risk · 6 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Marilyn Wenceslao and Wilson Wenceslao traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2010
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 27 straight years

2004Vice Mayor · Santander
2007Vice Mayor · Santander
2010Mayor · Santander
2013Mayor · Santander

Mayor · City of Davao, Davao del Sur

Rodrigo Duterte IISara Duterte

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · City of Davao
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Sara Duterte
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2004Mayor · City of Davao
2007Mayor · City of Davao
2010Vice Mayor · City of Davao

Mayor · Currimao, Ilocos Norte

Rosario GoGladys Cue

High risk · 6 pts

Same-surname successorReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Gladys Cue
+2Won the same office back in 2016
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2004Mayor · Currimao
2007Mayor · Currimao
2013Vice Mayor · Currimao
2016Mayor · Currimao

Vice Mayor · Santa Lucia, Ilocos Sur

Estrella HernaezFerdinand Hernaez

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Santa Lucia
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Ferdinand Hernaez
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2004Vice Mayor · Santa Lucia
2007Vice Mayor · Santa Lucia
2010Mayor · Santa Lucia
2013Mayor · Santa Lucia

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Santa Lucia, Ilocos Sur

Estrella HernaezFerdinand Hernaez

High risk · 6 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2010

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’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Estrella Hernaez and Ferdinand Hernaez traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2010
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 21 straight years

2004Vice Mayor · Santa Lucia
2007Vice Mayor · Santa Lucia
2010Mayor · Santa Lucia
2013Mayor · Santa Lucia

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · San Vicente, Ilocos Sur

Nancy TabandaJose Tabanda III

High risk · 6 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2010

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’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Nancy Tabanda and Jose Tabanda III traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2010
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 27 straight years

2004Vice Mayor · San Vicente
2007Vice Mayor · San Vicente
2010Mayor · San Vicente
2013Vice Mayor · San Vicente

Mayor · Barira, Maguindanao

Alexander TomawisRocaya Tomawis

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Barira
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Rocaya Tomawis
+2Surname held this office 24 straight years

2004Mayor · Barira
2007Mayor · Barira
2010Vice Mayor · Barira

Mayor · San Manuel, Pangasinan

Salvador Perez Jr.Amadeo Perez

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · San Manuel
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Amadeo Perez
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2004Mayor · San Manuel
2007Mayor · San Manuel
2010Vice Mayor · San Manuel
2013Vice Mayor · San Manuel
2016Vice Mayor · San Manuel

Mayor · City of Urdaneta, Pangasinan

Amadeo Perez Jr.Amadeo Perez

High risk · 6 pts

Same-surname successorReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010

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’01

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’04

●

’07

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Amadeo Perez
+2Won the same office back in 2013
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2004Mayor · City of Urdaneta
2007Mayor · City of Urdaneta
2013Mayor · City of Urdaneta

Mayor · San Narciso, Zambales

William LimPeter Lim

High risk · 6 pts

Same-surname successorReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Peter Lim
+2Won the same office back in 2019
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2004Mayor · San Narciso
2007Mayor · San Narciso
2019Mayor · San Narciso

Mayor · Guipos, Zamboanga del Sur

Francisco Oraiz Jr.Junevell Balandra

High risk · 6 pts

Same-surname successorReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Junevell Balandra
+2Won the same office back in 2016
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2004Mayor · Guipos
2007Mayor · Guipos
2016Mayor · Guipos

How the risk level is scored

Reached the 3-term limit	+1
Won a different seat in the same province the next election	+1
Vacated seat won by someone with the same surname	+2
Won the same office back later	+2
Traded offices with another official in one election	+2 (+1 if same surname)
Surname held the office 15+ / 21+ straight years	+1 / +2

Low risk 0–2 pointsModerate risk 3–4 pointsHigh risk 5–6 pointsVery high risk 7+ points

What this does and doesn’t mean

Every move counted here is legal. The Local Government Code (and, for House members, the Constitution) limits an official to three consecutive terms in the same office; it does not stop them from running for another office, or for the same office after one term out.

The risk level measures how concentrated a seat has become in one person or one surname. It is not an accusation of wrongdoing.

“Same surname” means a shared last name, or a last name that matches the other’s middle name, as BetterGov.ph Dynasties defines it. A shared name may not mean the two are related.

Source: COMELEC results 2001–2025 compiled by Open Halalan (ODbL), via the BetterGov.ph Dynasties dataset. Covers governor, vice governor, district representative, mayor and vice mayor seats. Representatives fall under the Constitution’s three-term limit.

Political families and surname blocs →