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Pilipiknow
Term limits · 2001–2025 local elections

When the term ends, but the power doesn’t.

Local officials may serve three consecutive terms. 1,482 times since 2001, a term-limited official moved to another seat, handed the seat to someone with the same surname, traded seats, or came back for it.

Very high risk
124
cases · 7+ points
High risk
460
cases · 5–6 points
Moderate risk
494
cases · 3–4 points
Low risk
404
cases · 0–2 points
Every case

1,482 seat moves

Each strip shows who won the seat in each election from 2001 to 2025.

This official (●)Same surname (S)Someone elseNo result on file
Highest riskMost recent
Mayor · Kitaotao, Bukidnon
Lorenzo Gawilan Jr.Rodito Rafisura
Moderate risk · 4 pts
Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
’10
●
’13
●
’16
●
’19
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Kitaotao
  • +2Won the same office back in 2013
  1. 2004Mayor · Kitaotao
  2. 2007Mayor · Kitaotao
  3. 2010Vice Mayor · Kitaotao
  4. 2013Mayor · Kitaotao
  5. 2016Mayor · Kitaotao
  6. 2019Mayor · Kitaotao
  7. 2022Vice Mayor · Kitaotao
Vice Governor · Bukidnon
Alex CalingasanJose Zubiri
Moderate risk · 4 pts
Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
’10
●
’13
’16
’19
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Governor · Bukidnon
  • +2Won the same office back in 2013
  1. 2004Vice Governor · Bukidnon
  2. 2007Vice Governor · Bukidnon
  3. 2010Governor · Bukidnon
  4. 2013Vice Governor · Bukidnon
Mayor · Libona, Bukidnon
Aurelio LopezLeonardo Calingasan
Moderate risk · 4 pts
Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
’10
’13
’16
●
’19
●
’22
●
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Libona
  • +2Won the same office back in 2019
  1. 2004Mayor · Libona
  2. 2007Mayor · Libona
  3. 2010Vice Mayor · Libona
  4. 2013Vice Mayor · Libona
  5. 2016Vice Mayor · Libona
  6. 2019Mayor · Libona
  7. 2022Mayor · Libona
  8. 2025Mayor · Libona
Mayor · Claveria, Cagayan
Pablo Bolante Jr.Celia Layus
Moderate risk · 4 pts
Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
’10
●
’13
’16
’19
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Claveria
  • +2Won the same office back in 2013
  1. 2004Mayor · Claveria
  2. 2007Mayor · Claveria
  3. 2010Vice Mayor · Claveria
  4. 2013Mayor · Claveria
Mayor · Santa Teresita, Cagayan
Romeo GarciaLolita Garcia
Moderate risk · 4 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
’19
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Lolita Garcia
  • +1Surname held this office 18 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · Santa Teresita
  2. 2007Mayor · Santa Teresita
Vice Mayor · Labo, Camarines Norte
Dindo PardoSeverino Francisco Jr.
Moderate risk · 4 pts
Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
’10
’13
’16
●
’19
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Labo
  • +2Won the same office back in 2019
  1. 2004Vice Mayor · Labo
  2. 2007Vice Mayor · Labo
  3. 2010Mayor · Labo
  4. 2019Vice Mayor · Labo
Mayor · Capalonga, Camarines Norte
Ernesto JalgaladoSenandro Jalgalado
Moderate risk · 4 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
’19
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Senandro Jalgalado
  • +1Surname held this office 18 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · Capalonga
  2. 2007Mayor · Capalonga
Mayor · Mercedes, Camarines Norte
Pepito LoAlexander Pajarillo
Moderate risk · 4 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Alexander Pajarillo
  • +1Surname held this office 18 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · Mercedes
  2. 2007Mayor · Mercedes
Governor · Camarines Sur
Luis Villafuerte
Moderate risk · 4 pts
Swapped seatsTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
●
’10
S
’13
S
’16
S
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Representative, 3rd District · Camarines Sur
  • +2Surname held this office 27 straight years
  1. 2004Governor · Camarines Sur
  2. 2004Representative · Camarines Sur
  3. 2007Governor · Camarines Sur
  4. 2007Representative · Camarines Sur
  5. 2010Governor · Camarines Sur
  6. 2010Representative, 3rd District · Camarines Sur
Mayor · Libmanan, Camarines Sur
Rodolfo JimenezMarilyn Jimenez
Moderate risk · 4 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
’16
’19
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Marilyn Jimenez
  • +1Surname held this office 15 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · Libmanan
  2. 2007Mayor · Libmanan
Mayor · City of Toledo, Cebu
Arlene ZamboAurelio Espinosa
Moderate risk · 4 pts
Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
’13
’16
’19
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Tabuelan
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Aurelio Espinosa
  1. 2004Mayor · City of Toledo
  2. 2007Mayor · City of Toledo
  3. 2010Vice Mayor · Tabuelan
  4. 2010Vice Mayor · City of Toledo
Vice Mayor · City of Toledo, Cebu
Aurelio EspinosaArlene Zambo
Moderate risk · 4 pts
Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
’13
’16
’19
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Tabuelan
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Arlene Zambo
  1. 2004Vice Mayor · City of Toledo
  2. 2007Vice Mayor · City of Toledo
  3. 2010Mayor · Tabuelan
  4. 2010Mayor · City of Toledo
Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · City of Toledo, Cebu
Aurelio EspinosaArlene Zambo
Moderate risk · 4 pts
Seat exchangeTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
’13
’16
’19
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Aurelio Espinosa and Arlene Zambo traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2010
  • +1Both share the same surname
  1. 2004Vice Mayor · City of Toledo
  2. 2007Vice Mayor · City of Toledo
  3. 2010Mayor · Tabuelan
  4. 2010Mayor · City of Toledo
Mayor · Giporlos, Eastern Samar
Mateo Biong Jr.Mark Biong
Moderate risk · 4 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
’19
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Mark Biong
  • +1Surname held this office 18 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · Giporlos
  2. 2007Mayor · Giporlos
Vice Mayor · Nueva Era, Ilocos Norte
Joseph ArzadonCaroline Garvida
Moderate risk · 4 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
’16
S
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Caroline Garvida
  • +1Surname held this office 15 straight years
  1. 2004Vice Mayor · Nueva Era
  2. 2007Vice Mayor · Nueva Era
Mayor · Pinili, Ilocos Norte
Anunciacion PagdilaoSamuel Pagdilao
Moderate risk · 4 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
’19
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Samuel Pagdilao
  • +1Surname held this office 18 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · Pinili
  2. 2007Mayor · Pinili
Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte
Matilde SalesMarlon Sales
Moderate risk · 4 pts
Seat exchangeTerm limit 2010
S
’01
S
’04
●
’07
S
’10
’13
●
’16
S
’19
’22
’25
  • +2Matilde Sales and Marlon Sales traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2010
  • +1Both share the same surname
  • +1Surname held these offices 18 straight years
  1. 2007Vice Mayor · Pagudpud
  2. 2010Mayor · Pagudpud
  3. 2016Vice Mayor · Pagudpud
Vice Mayor · Suyo, Ilocos Sur
Samuel Subagan Jr.Eliseo Tilang
Moderate risk · 4 pts
Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
’10
’13
’16
●
’19
●
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Suyo
  • +2Won the same office back in 2019
  1. 2004Vice Mayor · Suyo
  2. 2007Vice Mayor · Suyo
  3. 2010Mayor · Suyo
  4. 2013Mayor · Suyo
  5. 2016Mayor · Suyo
  6. 2019Vice Mayor · Suyo
  7. 2022Vice Mayor · Suyo
Mayor · City of Iloilo, Iloilo
Jerry Treñas
Moderate risk · 4 pts
Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
’10
’13
’16
●
’19
●
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Representative · Iloilo
  • +2Won the same office back in 2019
  1. 2004Mayor · City of Iloilo
  2. 2007Mayor · City of Iloilo
  3. 2010Representative · Iloilo
  4. 2013Representative, Lone District · City of Iloilo
  5. 2016Representative, Lone District · City of Iloilo
  6. 2019Mayor · City of Iloilo
  7. 2022Mayor · City of Iloilo
Mayor · Echague, Isabela
Leoncio Kiat Jr.Melinda Kiat
Moderate risk · 4 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010
●
’01
●
’04
●
’07
S
’10
S
’13
’16
’19
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Melinda Kiat
  • +1Surname held this office 15 straight years
  1. 2004Mayor · Echague
  2. 2007Mayor · Echague