Term limits · 2001–2025 local elections

When the term ends, but the power doesn’t.

Local officials may serve three consecutive terms. 1,482 times since 2001, a term-limited official moved to another seat, handed the seat to someone with the same surname, traded seats, or came back for it.

Very high risk

124

Every case

1,482 seat moves

Each strip shows who won the seat in each election from 2001 to 2025.

Search name or placeRisk levelPatternProvince

This official (●)Same surname (S)Someone elseNo result on file

Highest risk Most recent

Mayor · Cantilan, Surigao del Sur

Tomasa GuardoGenito Guardo

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010

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’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Genito Guardo
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2004Mayor · Cantilan
2007Mayor · Cantilan

Vice Mayor · Pura, Tarlac

Concepcion ZarateManuel Pascua

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Pura
+2Won the same office back in 2019

2004Vice Mayor · Pura
2007Vice Mayor · Pura
2010Mayor · Pura
2013Mayor · Pura
2016Mayor · Pura
2019Vice Mayor · Pura

Mayor · La Paz, Tarlac

Dionisio ManuelMichael Manuel

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Michael Manuel
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2004Mayor · La Paz
2007Mayor · La Paz

Vice Mayor · Mahayag, Zamboanga del Sur

Lorna EspinaPaulino Fanilag Sr.

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Mahayag
+2Won the same office back in 2019

2004Vice Mayor · Mahayag
2007Vice Mayor · Mahayag
2010Mayor · Mahayag
2013Mayor · Mahayag
2016Mayor · Mahayag
2019Vice Mayor · Mahayag

Mayor · Tigbao, Zamboanga del Sur

Edmundo DalidDanilo Dalid

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Danilo Dalid
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2004Mayor · Tigbao
2007Mayor · Tigbao

Mayor · Titay, Zamboanga Sibugay

Gil RilleraMaria Rillera

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Maria Rillera
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2004Mayor · Titay
2007Mayor · Titay

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Malibcong, Abra

Benido BacuyagMario Baawa

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2007

’01

●

’04

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+2Benido Bacuyag and Mario Baawa traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2007
+2Surname held these offices 21 straight years

2004Vice Mayor · Malibcong
2007Mayor · Malibcong
2010Mayor · Malibcong
2013Mayor · Malibcong

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Tangalan, Aklan

Gene FuentesJed Tirol

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2007

●

’01

●

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+2Gene Fuentes and Jed Tirol traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2007
+2Surname held these offices 21 straight years

2001Vice Mayor · Tangalan
2004Vice Mayor · Tangalan
2007Mayor · Tangalan
2010Mayor · Tangalan
2013Mayor · Tangalan
2016Vice Mayor · Tangalan
2019Vice Mayor · Tangalan
2022Vice Mayor · Tangalan
2025Mayor · Tangalan

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Datu Odin Sinsuat Dinaig, Maguindanao

Ombra SinsuatLester Sinsuat

Moderate risk · 4 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2007

’01

●

’04

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+2Ombra Sinsuat and Lester Sinsuat traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2007
+1Both share the same surname
+1Surname held these offices 18 straight years

2004Vice Mayor · Datu Odin Sinsuat Dinaig
2007Mayor · Datu Odin Sinsuat Dinaig

Vice Mayor · Bucloc, Abra

Eugene CilloRuby Cillo

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Ruby Cillo

2019Vice Mayor · Bucloc
2022Vice Mayor · Bucloc

Mayor · Pio Duran, Albay

Alan ArandiaVangie Arandia

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Vangie Arandia

2019Mayor · Pio Duran
2022Mayor · Pio Duran

Mayor · Bacacay, Albay

Dinky RomanoNookie Bombales

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Nookie Bombales

2019Mayor · Bacacay
2022Mayor · Bacacay

Mayor · San Jose, Antique

Elmer UntaranPj Untaran

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Pj Untaran

2019Mayor · San Jose
2022Mayor · San Jose

Mayor · Dinalungan, Aurora

Manuel Torres Biboy Vargas

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Swapped seatsTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Dinalungan
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2019Mayor · Dinalungan
2022Mayor · Dinalungan
2025Vice Mayor · Dinalungan

Mayor · Dingalan, Aurora

Shierwin TaayAurora Taay

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Aurora Taay

2019Mayor · Dingalan
2022Mayor · Dingalan

Vice Mayor · Dingalan, Aurora

Boy GalvezAbi Galvez

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Abi Galvez

2019Vice Mayor · Dingalan
2022Vice Mayor · Dingalan

Mayor · Taal, Batangas

Pong MercadoNene Bainto

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Nene Bainto

2019Mayor · Taal
2022Mayor · Taal

Representative, 4th District · Batangas

Lianda BoliliaCaloy Bolilia

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Caloy Bolilia

2019Representative, 4th District · Batangas
2022Representative, 4th District · Batangas

Vice Mayor · Sevilla, Bohol

Richard Bucag Juliet Dano

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Juliet Dano

2019Vice Mayor · Sevilla
2022Vice Mayor · Sevilla

Mayor · Sumilao, Bukidnon

Jose VilloVenice Villo

Moderate risk · 3 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Venice Villo

2019Mayor · Sumilao
2022Mayor · Sumilao

How the risk level is scored

Reached the 3-term limit	+1
Won a different seat in the same province the next election	+1
Vacated seat won by someone with the same surname	+2
Won the same office back later	+2
Traded offices with another official in one election	+2 (+1 if same surname)
Surname held the office 15+ / 21+ straight years	+1 / +2

Low risk 0–2 pointsModerate risk 3–4 pointsHigh risk 5–6 pointsVery high risk 7+ points

What this does and doesn’t mean

Every move counted here is legal. The Local Government Code (and, for House members, the Constitution) limits an official to three consecutive terms in the same office; it does not stop them from running for another office, or for the same office after one term out.

The risk level measures how concentrated a seat has become in one person or one surname. It is not an accusation of wrongdoing.

“Same surname” means a shared last name, or a last name that matches the other’s middle name, as BetterGov.ph Dynasties defines it. A shared name may not mean the two are related.

Source: COMELEC results 2001–2025 compiled by Open Halalan (ODbL), via the BetterGov.ph Dynasties dataset. Covers governor, vice governor, district representative, mayor and vice mayor seats. Representatives fall under the Constitution’s three-term limit.

Political families and surname blocs →