Term limits · 2001–2025 local elections

When the term ends, but the power doesn’t.

Local officials may serve three consecutive terms. 1,482 times since 2001, a term-limited official moved to another seat, handed the seat to someone with the same surname, traded seats, or came back for it.

Very high risk

124

Every case

1,482 seat moves

Each strip shows who won the seat in each election from 2001 to 2025.

Search name or placeRisk levelPatternProvince

This official (●)Same surname (S)Someone elseNo result on file

Highest risk Most recent

Mayor · Cervantes, Ilocos Sur

Paby Maggay II Joyce Maggay

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Cervantes
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Joyce Maggay
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2019Mayor · Cervantes
2022Mayor · Cervantes
2025Vice Mayor · Cervantes

Mayor · San Rafael, Iloilo

Bert Belleza Beboy Belleza

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · San Rafael
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Beboy Belleza
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2019Mayor · San Rafael
2022Mayor · San Rafael
2025Vice Mayor · San Rafael

Mayor · San Pablo, Isabela

Antonio Miro Jr.Antonio Miro

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · San Pablo
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Antonio Miro
+2Surname held this office 24 straight years

2019Mayor · San Pablo
2022Mayor · San Pablo
2025Vice Mayor · San Pablo

Mayor · Balaoan, La Union

Aleli Concepcion Carlo Concepcion

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Balaoan
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Carlo Concepcion
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2019Mayor · Balaoan
2022Mayor · Balaoan
2025Vice Mayor · Balaoan

Governor · Lanao del Norte

Angging Dimaporo Khalid Dimaporo

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Representative, 1st District · Lanao del Norte
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Khalid Dimaporo
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2019Governor · Lanao del Norte
2022Governor · Lanao del Norte
2025Representative, 1st District · Lanao del Norte

Representative, 1st District ⇄ Governor · Lanao del Norte

Khalid Dimaporo Angging Dimaporo

High risk · 6 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Khalid Dimaporo and Angging Dimaporo traded Representative, 1st District and Governor in 2025
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 27 straight years

2019Representative, 1st District · Lanao del Norte
2022Representative, 1st District · Lanao del Norte
2025Governor · Lanao del Norte

Mayor · Tabango, Leyte

Benjo Remandaban Maricor Remandaban

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Tabango
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Maricor Remandaban
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2019Mayor · Tabango
2022Mayor · Tabango
2025Vice Mayor · Tabango

Mayor · Mogpog, Marinduque

Leo Livelo Jojo Livelo

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Mogpog
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Jojo Livelo
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2019Mayor · Mogpog
2022Mayor · Mogpog
2025Vice Mayor · Mogpog

Mayor · Salay, Misamis Oriental

Jun Capistrano Jboy Capistrano

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Salay
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Jboy Capistrano
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2019Mayor · Salay
2022Mayor · Salay
2025Vice Mayor · Salay

Mayor · City of Las Piñas, NCR, Fourth District

Imelda Aguilar April Aguilar

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

●

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · City of Las Piñas
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: April Aguilar
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2019Mayor · City of Las Piñas
2022Mayor · City of Las Piñas
2025Vice Mayor · City of Las Piñas

Mayor · Malungon, Sarangani

Tessa Constantino Bong-Bong Constantino

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Malungon
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Bong-Bong Constantino
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2019Mayor · Malungon
2022Mayor · Malungon
2025Vice Mayor · Malungon

Mayor · Talipao, Sulu

Nezar Tulawie Reham Tulawie

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Talipao
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Reham Tulawie
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2019Mayor · Talipao
2022Mayor · Talipao
2025Vice Mayor · Talipao

Mayor · Mainit, Surigao del Norte

Crisanta Mondano Ramon Mondano

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Mainit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Ramon Mondano
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2019Mayor · Mainit
2022Mayor · Mainit
2025Vice Mayor · Mainit

Mayor · Alegria, Surigao del Norte

Reneboy Esma Yoyoy Esma

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Alegria
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Yoyoy Esma
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2019Mayor · Alegria
2022Mayor · Alegria
2025Vice Mayor · Alegria

Governor · Tarlac

Susan Yap Christian Yap

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · City of Tarlac
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Christian Yap
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2019Governor · Tarlac
2022Governor · Tarlac
2025Mayor · City of Tarlac

Mayor · Bongao, Tawi-Tawi

Jimuel Que Jasper Que

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Bongao
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Jasper Que
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2019Mayor · Bongao
2022Mayor · Bongao
2025Vice Mayor · Bongao

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Madalag, Aklan

Rex GubatinaDindo Gubatina

High risk · 6 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Rex Gubatina and Dindo Gubatina traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2022
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 24 straight years

2016Vice Mayor · Madalag
2019Vice Mayor · Madalag
2022Mayor · Madalag
2025Mayor · Madalag

Mayor · City of Legazpi, Albay

Noel RosalCarmen Rosal

High risk · 6 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2022

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Governor · Albay
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Carmen Rosal
+2Surname held this office 24 straight years

2016Mayor · City of Legazpi
2019Mayor · City of Legazpi
2022Governor · Albay
2025Governor · Albay

Vice Mayor · Tuburan, Basilan

Husin KalangRoger Latip

High risk · 6 pts

Same-surname successorReturned to the seatTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Roger Latip
+2Won the same office back in 2025
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2016Vice Mayor · Tuburan
2019Vice Mayor · Tuburan
2025Vice Mayor · Tuburan

Vice Mayor · San Rafael, Bulacan

Edison VeneracionLyn Veneracion

High risk · 6 pts

Same-surname successorReturned to the seatTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

●

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Lyn Veneracion
+2Won the same office back in 2025
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2016Vice Mayor · San Rafael
2019Vice Mayor · San Rafael
2025Vice Mayor · San Rafael

How the risk level is scored

Reached the 3-term limit	+1
Won a different seat in the same province the next election	+1
Vacated seat won by someone with the same surname	+2
Won the same office back later	+2
Traded offices with another official in one election	+2 (+1 if same surname)
Surname held the office 15+ / 21+ straight years	+1 / +2

Low risk 0–2 pointsModerate risk 3–4 pointsHigh risk 5–6 pointsVery high risk 7+ points

What this does and doesn’t mean

Every move counted here is legal. The Local Government Code (and, for House members, the Constitution) limits an official to three consecutive terms in the same office; it does not stop them from running for another office, or for the same office after one term out.

The risk level measures how concentrated a seat has become in one person or one surname. It is not an accusation of wrongdoing.

“Same surname” means a shared last name, or a last name that matches the other’s middle name, as BetterGov.ph Dynasties defines it. A shared name may not mean the two are related.

Source: COMELEC results 2001–2025 compiled by Open Halalan (ODbL), via the BetterGov.ph Dynasties dataset. Covers governor, vice governor, district representative, mayor and vice mayor seats. Representatives fall under the Constitution’s three-term limit.

Political families and surname blocs →