Term limits · 2001–2025 local elections

When the term ends, but the power doesn’t.

Local officials may serve three consecutive terms. 1,482 times since 2001, a term-limited official moved to another seat, handed the seat to someone with the same surname, traded seats, or came back for it.

Very high risk

124

Every case

1,482 seat moves

Each strip shows who won the seat in each election from 2001 to 2025.

Search name or placeRisk levelPatternProvince

This official (●)Same surname (S)Someone elseNo result on file

Highest risk Most recent

Mayor · Jaen, Nueva Ecija

Sylvia AustriaSylvester Austria

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Sylvester Austria
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2019Mayor · Jaen
2022Mayor · Jaen

Mayor · Quezon, Nueva Ecija

Boyet JosonDean Joson

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Dean Joson
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2019Mayor · Quezon
2022Mayor · Quezon

Mayor · Bataraza, Palawan

Abraham IbbaAl-Shariff Ibba

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Al-Shariff Ibba
+2Surname held this office 24 straight years

2019Mayor · Bataraza
2022Mayor · Bataraza

Mayor · Villasis, Pangasinan

Nato AbrenicaDita Abrenica

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Dita Abrenica
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2019Mayor · Villasis
2022Mayor · Villasis

Mayor · Sampaloc, Quezon

Gelo DevanaderaNikko Devanadera

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Nikko Devanadera
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2019Mayor · Sampaloc
2022Mayor · Sampaloc

Mayor · Atimonan, Quezon

Rustico MendozaElvis Uy

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Elvis Uy
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2019Mayor · Atimonan
2022Mayor · Atimonan

Mayor · Lopez, Quezon

Rachel Ubana Sonny Ubana

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Sonny Ubana
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2019Mayor · Lopez
2022Mayor · Lopez

Mayor · Agdangan, Quezon

Rhadam AguilarVenchie Aguilar

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Venchie Aguilar
+2Surname held this office 24 straight years

2019Mayor · Agdangan
2022Mayor · Agdangan

Mayor · Binangonan, Rizal

Cesar YnaresRhea Ynares

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

●

’01

●

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Rhea Ynares
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2019Mayor · Binangonan
2022Mayor · Binangonan

Mayor · Calatrava, Romblon

Marieta BaberaBong Fabella

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Bong Fabella
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2019Mayor · Calatrava
2022Mayor · Calatrava

Mayor · Malimono, Surigao del Norte

Wallace SinacaYoyoy Amalla

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Yoyoy Amalla
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2019Mayor · Malimono
2022Mayor · Malimono

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Alegria, Surigao del Norte

Yoyoy Esma Reneboy Esma

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

’19

●

’22

’25

+2Yoyoy Esma and Reneboy Esma traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2025
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 21 straight years

2022Vice Mayor · Alegria
2025Mayor · Alegria

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Mainit, Surigao del Norte

Ramon Mondano Crisanta Mondano

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

’19

●

’22

’25

+2Ramon Mondano and Crisanta Mondano traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2025
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 21 straight years

2022Vice Mayor · Mainit
2025Mayor · Mainit

Mayor · Camiling, Tarlac

Erlon AgustinAte Agustin

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Ate Agustin
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2019Mayor · Camiling
2022Mayor · Camiling

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Bongao, Tawi-Tawi

Jasper Que Jimuel Que

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

●

’22

’25

+2Jasper Que and Jimuel Que traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2025
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 27 straight years

2022Vice Mayor · Bongao
2025Mayor · Bongao

Representative, 2nd District · Zamboanga del Norte

Glona Labadlabad Ate Labadlabad

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2025

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Sindangan
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Ate Labadlabad
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2019Representative, 2nd District · Zamboanga del Norte
2022Representative, 2nd District · Zamboanga del Norte
2025Mayor · Sindangan

Mayor · Licuan-Baay, Abra

Alejo Domingo Darwin Domingo

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Licuan-Baay
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Darwin Domingo
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2016Mayor · Licuan-Baay
2019Mayor · Licuan-Baay
2022Vice Mayor · Licuan-Baay
2025Vice Mayor · Licuan-Baay

Mayor · Las Nieves, Agusan del Norte

Avelina Rosales Karen Rosales

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Karen Rosales
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2016Mayor · Las Nieves
2019Mayor · Las Nieves
2025Vice Mayor · Las Nieves

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Carmen, Agusan del Norte

Ramon Calo Jovitte Calo

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+2Ramon Calo and Jovitte Calo traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2022
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 27 straight years

2016Mayor · Carmen
2019Vice Mayor · Carmen
2022Mayor · Carmen
2025Mayor · Carmen

Mayor · Rapu-Rapu, Albay

Ronald GaliciaDick Galicia

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Dick Galicia
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2016Mayor · Rapu-Rapu
2019Mayor · Rapu-Rapu

How the risk level is scored

Reached the 3-term limit	+1
Won a different seat in the same province the next election	+1
Vacated seat won by someone with the same surname	+2
Won the same office back later	+2
Traded offices with another official in one election	+2 (+1 if same surname)
Surname held the office 15+ / 21+ straight years	+1 / +2

Low risk 0–2 pointsModerate risk 3–4 pointsHigh risk 5–6 pointsVery high risk 7+ points

What this does and doesn’t mean

Every move counted here is legal. The Local Government Code (and, for House members, the Constitution) limits an official to three consecutive terms in the same office; it does not stop them from running for another office, or for the same office after one term out.

The risk level measures how concentrated a seat has become in one person or one surname. It is not an accusation of wrongdoing.

“Same surname” means a shared last name, or a last name that matches the other’s middle name, as BetterGov.ph Dynasties defines it. A shared name may not mean the two are related.

Source: COMELEC results 2001–2025 compiled by Open Halalan (ODbL), via the BetterGov.ph Dynasties dataset. Covers governor, vice governor, district representative, mayor and vice mayor seats. Representatives fall under the Constitution’s three-term limit.

Political families and surname blocs →