Term limits · 2001–2025 local elections

When the term ends, but the power doesn’t.

Local officials may serve three consecutive terms. 1,482 times since 2001, a term-limited official moved to another seat, handed the seat to someone with the same surname, traded seats, or came back for it.

Very high risk

124

Every case

1,482 seat moves

Each strip shows who won the seat in each election from 2001 to 2025.

Search name or placeRisk levelPatternProvince

This official (●)Same surname (S)Someone elseNo result on file

Highest risk Most recent

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Hamtic, Antique

Junjun Pacificador Julie Pacificador

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+2Junjun Pacificador and Julie Pacificador traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2022
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 27 straight years

2016Mayor · Hamtic
2019Vice Mayor · Hamtic
2022Mayor · Hamtic
2025Mayor · Hamtic

Representative, 2nd District ⇄ Governor · Bataan

Joet Garcia Abet Garcia

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+2Joet Garcia and Abet Garcia traded Representative, 2nd District and Governor in 2022
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 24 straight years

2016Representative, 2nd District · Bataan
2019Representative, 2nd District · Bataan
2022Governor · Bataan
2025Governor · Bataan

Mayor · Agoncillo, Batangas

Daniel ReyesCindy Reyes

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Agoncillo
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Cindy Reyes
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2016Mayor · Agoncillo
2019Mayor · Agoncillo
2022Vice Mayor · Agoncillo

Mayor · Trinidad, Bohol

Judith CajesRoberto Cajes

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

●

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Roberto Cajes
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2016Mayor · Trinidad
2019Mayor · Trinidad

Mayor ⇄ Vice Governor · Bukidnon

Clive Quiño Rogelio Quino

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+2Clive Quiño and Rogelio Quino traded Mayor and Vice Governor in 2022
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 21 straight years

2016Mayor · Manolo Fortich
2019Mayor · Manolo Fortich
2022Vice Governor · Bukidnon
2025Vice Governor · Bukidnon

Mayor · Buguey, Cagayan

Lloyd Antiporda Cerry Antiporda

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Buguey
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Cerry Antiporda
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2016Mayor · Buguey
2019Mayor · Buguey
2022Vice Mayor · Buguey
2025Vice Mayor · Buguey

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Buguey, Cagayan

Cerry Antiporda Lloyd Antiporda

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+2Cerry Antiporda and Lloyd Antiporda traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2022
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 24 straight years

2019Vice Mayor · Buguey
2022Mayor · Buguey
2025Mayor · Buguey

Representative, Lone District ⇄ Governor · Camiguin

Xj Romualdo Jj Romualdo

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+2Xj Romualdo and Jj Romualdo traded Representative, Lone District and Governor in 2022
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 27 straight years

2016Representative, Lone District · Camiguin
2019Representative, Lone District · Camiguin
2022Governor · Camiguin
2025Governor · Camiguin

Representative, 6th District · Cavite

Luis Ferrer IV Antonio Ferrer

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · City of General Trias
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Antonio Ferrer
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2016Representative, 6th District · Cavite
2019Representative, 6th District · Cavite
2022Mayor · City of General Trias
2025Mayor · City of General Trias

Mayor · Alegria, Cebu

Verna Magallon VGilberto Magallon

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Alegria
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Gilberto Magallon
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2016Mayor · Alegria
2019Mayor · Alegria
2022Vice Mayor · Alegria
2025Vice Mayor · Alegria

Mayor · Boljoon, Cebu

Merlou Derama Jojie Derama

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Jojie Derama
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2016Mayor · Boljoon
2019Mayor · Boljoon

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Danao City, Cebu

Mix DuranoNito Durano

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+2Mix Durano and Nito Durano traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2022
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 27 straight years

2016Vice Mayor · Danao City
2019Vice Mayor · Danao City
2022Mayor · Danao City

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Antipas, Cotabato

Cristobal CadungonEkis Cadungon

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

’13

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+2Cristobal Cadungon and Ekis Cadungon traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2022
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 27 straight years

2019Vice Mayor · Antipas
2022Mayor · Antipas
2025Mayor · Antipas

Mayor · Maco, Davao de Oro

Alvera RimandoVolter Rimando

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Volter Rimando
+2Surname held this office 24 straight years

2016Mayor · Maco
2019Mayor · Maco

Vice Mayor · Dumalneg, Ilocos Norte

Francisco EspirituFraincess Espiritu

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Dumalneg
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Fraincess Espiritu
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2016Vice Mayor · Dumalneg
2019Vice Mayor · Dumalneg
2022Mayor · Dumalneg
2025Mayor · Dumalneg

Vice Mayor · Magsingal, Ilocos Sur

Arlyn FavisVictoria Favis

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Victoria Favis
+2Surname held this office 24 straight years

2016Vice Mayor · Magsingal
2019Vice Mayor · Magsingal

Mayor · City of Santiago, Isabela

Joseph Tan Sheena Tan

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Representative, 4th District · Isabela
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Sheena Tan
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2016Mayor · City of Santiago
2019Mayor · City of Santiago
2022Representative, 4th District · Isabela
2025Representative, 4th District · Isabela

Mayor · Tumauini, Isabela

Arnold BautistaVenus Bautista

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Venus Bautista
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2016Mayor · Tumauini
2019Mayor · Tumauini

Vice Mayor · Tumauini, Isabela

Lorenzo UyChristopher Uy

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Christopher Uy
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2016Vice Mayor · Tumauini
2019Vice Mayor · Tumauini

Mayor · Aringay, La Union

Eric Sibuma Benjamin Sibuma

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

●

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Benjamin Sibuma
+2Surname held this office 24 straight years

2016Mayor · Aringay
2019Mayor · Aringay
2025Vice Governor · La Union

How the risk level is scored

Reached the 3-term limit	+1
Won a different seat in the same province the next election	+1
Vacated seat won by someone with the same surname	+2
Won the same office back later	+2
Traded offices with another official in one election	+2 (+1 if same surname)
Surname held the office 15+ / 21+ straight years	+1 / +2

Low risk 0–2 pointsModerate risk 3–4 pointsHigh risk 5–6 pointsVery high risk 7+ points

What this does and doesn’t mean

Every move counted here is legal. The Local Government Code (and, for House members, the Constitution) limits an official to three consecutive terms in the same office; it does not stop them from running for another office, or for the same office after one term out.

The risk level measures how concentrated a seat has become in one person or one surname. It is not an accusation of wrongdoing.

“Same surname” means a shared last name, or a last name that matches the other’s middle name, as BetterGov.ph Dynasties defines it. A shared name may not mean the two are related.

Source: COMELEC results 2001–2025 compiled by Open Halalan (ODbL), via the BetterGov.ph Dynasties dataset. Covers governor, vice governor, district representative, mayor and vice mayor seats. Representatives fall under the Constitution’s three-term limit.

Political families and surname blocs →