Skip to content
Pilipiknow
Term limits · 2001–2025 local elections

When the term ends, but the power doesn’t.

Local officials may serve three consecutive terms. 1,482 times since 2001, a term-limited official moved to another seat, handed the seat to someone with the same surname, traded seats, or came back for it.

Very high risk
124
cases · 7+ points
High risk
460
cases · 5–6 points
Moderate risk
494
cases · 3–4 points
Low risk
404
cases · 0–2 points
Every case

1,482 seat moves

Each strip shows who won the seat in each election from 2001 to 2025.

This official (●)Same surname (S)Someone elseNo result on file
Highest riskMost recent
Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Bacnotan, La Union
Divine FontanillaFrancis Fontanilla
High risk · 5 pts
Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022
S
’01
S
’04
S
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
●
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +2Divine Fontanilla and Francis Fontanilla traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2022
  • +1Both share the same surname
  • +2Surname held these offices 27 straight years
  1. 2019Vice Mayor · Bacnotan
  2. 2022Mayor · Bacnotan
  3. 2025Mayor · Bacnotan
Mayor · Mabitac, Laguna
Ronald SanaAlberto Reyes
High risk · 5 pts
Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2022
’01
’04
’07
’10
●
’13
●
’16
●
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Mabitac
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Alberto Reyes
  • +1Surname held this office 15 straight years
  1. 2016Mayor · Mabitac
  2. 2019Mayor · Mabitac
  3. 2022Vice Mayor · Mabitac
Mayor · Carigara, Leyte
Boy OngEduardo Ong Jr.
High risk · 5 pts
Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2022
’01
’04
’07
’10
●
’13
●
’16
●
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Carigara
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Eduardo Ong Jr.
  • +1Surname held this office 15 straight years
  1. 2016Mayor · Carigara
  2. 2019Mayor · Carigara
  3. 2022Vice Mayor · Carigara
Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Abuyog, Leyte
Octavio TrayaLemuel Traya
High risk · 5 pts
Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022
’01
’04
’07
’10
’13
●
’16
●
’19
S
’22
’25
  • +2Octavio Traya and Lemuel Traya traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2022
  • +1Both share the same surname
  • +2Surname held these offices 27 straight years
  1. 2016Vice Mayor · Abuyog
  2. 2019Vice Mayor · Abuyog
  3. 2022Mayor · Abuyog
Mayor · Pandag, Maguindanao
Zihan MangudadatuKhadafeh Mangudadatu
High risk · 5 pts
Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2022
’01
’04
’07
S
’10
●
’13
●
’16
●
’19
S
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Pandag
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Khadafeh Mangudadatu
  • +1Surname held this office 15 straight years
  1. 2016Mayor · Pandag
  2. 2019Mayor · Pandag
  3. 2022Vice Mayor · Pandag
Mayor · Baleno, Masbate
Romeo Dela RosaMarites Dela Rosa
High risk · 5 pts
Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2022
’01
’04
’07
’10
●
’13
●
’16
●
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Baleno
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Marites Dela Rosa
  • +1Surname held this office 15 straight years
  1. 2016Mayor · Baleno
  2. 2019Mayor · Baleno
  3. 2022Vice Mayor · Baleno
  4. 2025Vice Mayor · Baleno
Mayor · Calamba, Misamis Occidental
Ezel VillanuevaJun-Jun Villanueva Jr.
High risk · 5 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022
’01
S
’04
S
’07
S
’10
●
’13
●
’16
●
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Jun-Jun Villanueva Jr.
  • +2Surname held this office 24 straight years
  1. 2016Mayor · Calamba
  2. 2019Mayor · Calamba
  3. 2025Vice Mayor · Calamba
Representative, 2nd District · Misamis Occidental
Henry OaminalAndo Oaminal
High risk · 5 pts
Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2022
’01
’04
’07
’10
●
’13
●
’16
●
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Governor · Misamis Occidental
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Ando Oaminal
  • +1Surname held this office 15 straight years
  1. 2016Representative, 2nd District · Misamis Occidental
  2. 2019Representative, 2nd District · Misamis Occidental
  3. 2022Governor · Misamis Occidental
  4. 2025Governor · Misamis Occidental
Mayor · City of Parañaque, NCR, Fourth District
Edwin OlivarezEric Olivarez
High risk · 5 pts
Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2022
’01
’04
’07
’10
●
’13
●
’16
●
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Representative, 1st District · City of Parañaque
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Eric Olivarez
  • +1Surname held this office 15 straight years
  1. 2016Mayor · City of Parañaque
  2. 2019Mayor · City of Parañaque
  3. 2022Representative, 1st District · City of Parañaque
Mayor ⇄ Representative, 1st District · City of Parañaque, NCR, Fourth District
Edwin OlivarezEric Olivarez
High risk · 5 pts
Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022
’01
’04
’07
’10
●
’13
●
’16
●
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Edwin Olivarez and Eric Olivarez traded Mayor and Representative, 1st District in 2022
  • +1Both share the same surname
  • +1Surname held these offices 15 straight years
  1. 2016Mayor · City of Parañaque
  2. 2019Mayor · City of Parañaque
  3. 2022Representative, 1st District · City of Parañaque
Mayor · City of Caloocan, NCR, Third District
Oca MalapitanAlong Malapitan
High risk · 5 pts
Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2022
’01
’04
’07
’10
●
’13
●
’16
●
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Representative, 1st District · City of Caloocan
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Along Malapitan
  • +1Surname held this office 15 straight years
  1. 2016Mayor · City of Caloocan
  2. 2019Mayor · City of Caloocan
  3. 2022Representative, 1st District · City of Caloocan
  4. 2025Representative, 1st District · City of Caloocan
Mayor ⇄ Representative, 1st District · City of Caloocan, NCR, Third District
Oca MalapitanAlong Malapitan
High risk · 5 pts
Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022
’01
’04
’07
’10
●
’13
●
’16
●
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Oca Malapitan and Along Malapitan traded Mayor and Representative, 1st District in 2022
  • +1Both share the same surname
  • +1Surname held these offices 15 straight years
  1. 2016Mayor · City of Caloocan
  2. 2019Mayor · City of Caloocan
  3. 2022Representative, 1st District · City of Caloocan
  4. 2025Representative, 1st District · City of Caloocan
Mayor ⇄ Representative, Lone District · City of Navotas, NCR, Third District
Toby TiangcoJohn Tiangco
High risk · 5 pts
Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022
S
’01
S
’04
S
’07
S
’10
S
’13
S
’16
●
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +2Toby Tiangco and John Tiangco traded Mayor and Representative, Lone District in 2022
  • +1Both share the same surname
  • +2Surname held these offices 27 straight years
  1. 2016Representative, Lone District · City of Navotas
  2. 2019Mayor · City of Navotas
  3. 2022Representative, Lone District · City of Navotas
  4. 2025Representative, Lone District · City of Navotas
Mayor · City of Bais, Negros Oriental
Mercy GoñiLuigi Goñi
High risk · 5 pts
Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2022
’01
’04
’07
’10
●
’13
●
’16
●
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · City of Bais
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Luigi Goñi
  • +1Surname held this office 15 straight years
  1. 2016Mayor · City of Bais
  2. 2019Mayor · City of Bais
  3. 2022Vice Mayor · City of Bais
  4. 2025Vice Mayor · City of Bais
Mayor · Catubig, Northern Samar
Galahad VicencioSolomon Vicencio
High risk · 5 pts
Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2022
’01
’04
S
’07
’10
●
’13
●
’16
●
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Catubig
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Solomon Vicencio
  • +1Surname held this office 15 straight years
  1. 2016Mayor · Catubig
  2. 2019Mayor · Catubig
  3. 2022Vice Mayor · Catubig
  4. 2025Vice Mayor · Catubig
Mayor · Bautista, Pangasinan
Amadeo EspinoJoseph Espino
High risk · 5 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022
S
’01
S
’04
S
’07
S
’10
●
’13
●
’16
●
’19
S
’22
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Joseph Espino
  • +2Surname held this office 24 straight years
  1. 2016Mayor · Bautista
  2. 2019Mayor · Bautista
Mayor · City of Lucena, Quezon
Dondon AlcalaKuya Alcala
High risk · 5 pts
Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2022
’01
’04
’07
’10
●
’13
●
’16
●
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · City of Lucena
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Kuya Alcala
  • +1Surname held this office 15 straight years
  1. 2016Mayor · City of Lucena
  2. 2019Mayor · City of Lucena
  3. 2022Vice Mayor · City of Lucena
  4. 2025Vice Mayor · City of Lucena
Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Baras, Rizal
Willy RoblesKc Robles
High risk · 5 pts
Seat exchangeTerm limit 2022
S
’01
’04
’07
’10
S
’13
S
’16
●
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +2Willy Robles and Kc Robles traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2022
  • +1Both share the same surname
  • +2Surname held these offices 24 straight years
  1. 2019Vice Mayor · Baras
  2. 2022Mayor · Baras
  3. 2025Mayor · Baras
Mayor · Santa Rita, Samar
Joven TiuJade Tiu
High risk · 5 pts
Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2022
’01
’04
’07
’10
●
’13
●
’16
●
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Santa Rita
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Jade Tiu
  • +1Surname held this office 15 straight years
  1. 2016Mayor · Santa Rita
  2. 2019Mayor · Santa Rita
  3. 2022Vice Mayor · Santa Rita
  4. 2025Vice Mayor · Santa Rita
Mayor · Villareal, Samar
Marilou LatorreCarlo Latorre
High risk · 5 pts
Same-surname successorTerm limit 2022
S
’01
’04
S
’07
S
’10
●
’13
●
’16
●
’19
S
’22
S
’25
  • +1Reached the 3-term limit
  • +2Same-surname successor took the seat: Carlo Latorre
  • +2Surname held this office 21 straight years
  1. 2016Mayor · Villareal
  2. 2019Mayor · Villareal