Term limits · 2001–2025 local elections

When the term ends, but the power doesn’t.

Local officials may serve three consecutive terms. 1,482 times since 2001, a term-limited official moved to another seat, handed the seat to someone with the same surname, traded seats, or came back for it.

Very high risk

124

Every case

1,482 seat moves

Each strip shows who won the seat in each election from 2001 to 2025.

Search name or placeRisk levelPatternProvince

This official (●)Same surname (S)Someone elseNo result on file

Highest risk Most recent

Mayor · Salay, Misamis Oriental

Romeo GueJun Capistrano

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Jun Capistrano
+2Surname held this office 24 straight years

2010Mayor · Salay
2013Mayor · Salay

Mayor · City of Las Piñas, NCR, Fourth District

Vergel AguilarImelda Aguilar

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

●

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Imelda Aguilar
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2010Mayor · NCR, Fourth District
2010Mayor · City of Las Piñas
2013Mayor · NCR, Fourth District
2013Mayor · City of Las Piñas

Mayor · La Castellana, Negros Occidental

Alberto Nicor Jr.Rhumyla Nicor

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Rhumyla Nicor
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2010Mayor · La Castellana
2013Mayor · La Castellana

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Jimalalud, Negros Oriental

Reynaldo Tuanda Jr.Hazel Billones

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

●

’22

●

’25

+2Reynaldo Tuanda Jr. and Hazel Billones traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2016
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 24 straight years

2010Mayor · Jimalalud
2013Vice Mayor · Jimalalud
2016Mayor · Jimalalud
2019Mayor · Jimalalud
2022Vice Mayor · Jimalalud
2025Vice Mayor · Jimalalud

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · La Libertad, Negros Oriental

Emmanuel IwayLawrence Limkaichong

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+2Emmanuel Iway and Lawrence Limkaichong traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2016
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 21 straight years

2010Vice Mayor · La Libertad
2013Vice Mayor · La Libertad
2016Mayor · La Libertad

Mayor · Lapinig, Northern Samar

Romualdo MenzonMaria Luisa Menzon

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Maria Luisa Menzon
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2010Mayor · Lapinig
2013Mayor · Lapinig

Mayor · Jaen, Nueva Ecija

Santiago AustriaSylvia Austria

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Sylvia Austria
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2010Mayor · Jaen
2013Mayor · Jaen

Governor · Nueva Ecija

Aurelio UmaliCherry Umali

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Cherry Umali
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2010Governor · Nueva Ecija
2013Governor · Nueva Ecija

Mayor · Lopez, Quezon

Isaias Ubana IIRachel Ubana

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

●

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Rachel Ubana
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2010Mayor · Lopez
2013Mayor · Lopez

Mayor · Jomalig, Quezon

Rodelo TenaRodel Espiritu

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

●

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Rodel Espiritu
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2010Mayor · Jomalig
2013Mayor · Jomalig

Mayor · Real, Quezon

Joel Amando DiestroBing Aquino

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2016

●

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Real
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Bing Aquino
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2010Mayor · Real
2013Mayor · Real
2016Vice Mayor · Real
2019Vice Mayor · Real

Mayor · Tanay, Rizal

Rafael TanjuatcoRex Tanjuatco

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Rex Tanjuatco
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2010Mayor · Tanay
2013Mayor · Tanay
2019Vice Mayor · Tanay

Mayor · Calatrava, Romblon

Robert FabellaMarieta Babera

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Marieta Babera
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2010Mayor · Calatrava
2013Mayor · Calatrava

Mayor · Banton, Romblon

Jory FaderangaDing Fadri

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

●

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Ding Fadri
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2010Mayor · Banton
2013Mayor · Banton

Mayor · San Jorge, Samar

Nancy GreyJojo Grey

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · San Jorge
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Jojo Grey
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2010Mayor · San Jorge
2013Mayor · San Jorge
2016Vice Mayor · San Jorge

Mayor · Malungon, Sarangani

Reynaldo ConstantinoTessa Constantino

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Tessa Constantino
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2010Mayor · Malungon
2013Mayor · Malungon

Mayor · Casiguran, Sorsogon

Maria HamorJose Edwin Hamor

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Jose Edwin Hamor
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2010Mayor · Casiguran
2013Mayor · Casiguran

Mayor · Liloan, Southern Leyte

Shirlita ChongBoy Chong

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Boy Chong
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2010Mayor · Liloan
2013Mayor · Liloan

Mayor · Lutayan, Sultan Kudarat

Ruth SakaluranPrincess Sakaluran

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Princess Sakaluran
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2010Mayor · Lutayan
2013Mayor · Lutayan
2025Representative, 1st District · Sultan Kudarat

Governor · Sultan Kudarat

Suharto MangudadatuPax Mangudadatu

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Pax Mangudadatu
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2010Governor · Sultan Kudarat
2013Governor · Sultan Kudarat

How the risk level is scored

Reached the 3-term limit	+1
Won a different seat in the same province the next election	+1
Vacated seat won by someone with the same surname	+2
Won the same office back later	+2
Traded offices with another official in one election	+2 (+1 if same surname)
Surname held the office 15+ / 21+ straight years	+1 / +2

Low risk 0–2 pointsModerate risk 3–4 pointsHigh risk 5–6 pointsVery high risk 7+ points

What this does and doesn’t mean

Every move counted here is legal. The Local Government Code (and, for House members, the Constitution) limits an official to three consecutive terms in the same office; it does not stop them from running for another office, or for the same office after one term out.

The risk level measures how concentrated a seat has become in one person or one surname. It is not an accusation of wrongdoing.

“Same surname” means a shared last name, or a last name that matches the other’s middle name, as BetterGov.ph Dynasties defines it. A shared name may not mean the two are related.

Source: COMELEC results 2001–2025 compiled by Open Halalan (ODbL), via the BetterGov.ph Dynasties dataset. Covers governor, vice governor, district representative, mayor and vice mayor seats. Representatives fall under the Constitution’s three-term limit.

Political families and surname blocs →