Term limits · 2001–2025 local elections

When the term ends, but the power doesn’t.

Local officials may serve three consecutive terms. 1,482 times since 2001, a term-limited official moved to another seat, handed the seat to someone with the same surname, traded seats, or came back for it.

Very high risk

124

Every case

1,482 seat moves

Each strip shows who won the seat in each election from 2001 to 2025.

Search name or placeRisk levelPatternProvince

This official (●)Same surname (S)Someone elseNo result on file

Highest risk Most recent

Vice Mayor · Sara, Iloilo

Neptali SalcedoJesus Salcedo

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Jesus Salcedo
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2010Mayor · Sara
2010Vice Mayor · Sara
2013Mayor · Sara
2013Vice Mayor · Sara

Mayor · San Rafael, Iloilo

Roel BellezaBert Belleza

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Bert Belleza
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2010Mayor · San Rafael
2013Mayor · San Rafael

Vice Mayor · Bingawan, Iloilo

Mark Palabrica Matt Palabrica

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Bingawan
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Matt Palabrica
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2010Vice Mayor · Bingawan
2013Vice Mayor · Bingawan
2016Mayor · Bingawan
2019Mayor · Bingawan
2022Mayor · Bingawan

Vice Mayor · Balasan, Iloilo

Simeon Ganzon IIFilomeno Ganzon

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Filomeno Ganzon
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2010Vice Mayor · Balasan
2013Vice Mayor · Balasan

Mayor · Oton, Iloilo

Vicente Flores Jr.Carina Flores V

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Carina Flores V
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2010Mayor · Oton
2013Mayor · Oton
2019Vice Mayor · Oton

Mayor · Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo

Hernan BironToto Biron

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Toto Biron
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2010Mayor · Barotac Nuevo
2013Mayor · Barotac Nuevo
2013Representative, 4th District · Iloilo
2019Vice Mayor · Barotac Nuevo
2022Vice Mayor · Barotac Nuevo

Mayor · Delfin Albano Magsaysay, Isabela

Thomas PuaArnold Co

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Delfin Albano Magsaysay
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Arnold Co
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2010Mayor · Delfin Albano Magsaysay
2013Mayor · Delfin Albano Magsaysay
2016Vice Mayor · Delfin Albano Magsaysay
2019Vice Mayor · Delfin Albano Magsaysay
2022Vice Mayor · Delfin Albano

Mayor · Naguilian, Isabela

Edgar CapuchinoJuan Capuchino

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Juan Capuchino
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2010Mayor · Naguilian
2013Mayor · Naguilian

Vice Mayor · Santo Tomas, Isabela

Eduardo TalaueLeandro Talaue

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Leandro Talaue
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2010Vice Mayor · Santo Tomas
2013Vice Mayor · Santo Tomas

Mayor · City of Ilagan, Isabela

Josemarie DiazEvelyn Diaz

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Evelyn Diaz
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2010Mayor · City of Ilagan
2013Mayor · Gamu
2013Mayor · City of Ilagan

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Pinukpuk, Kalinga

Irving DasayonJimmy Dasayon

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+2Irving Dasayon and Jimmy Dasayon traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2016
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 24 straight years

2010Mayor · Pinukpuk
2013Vice Mayor · Pinukpuk
2016Mayor · Pinukpuk
2019Mayor · Pinukpuk
2022Mayor · Pinukpuk

Mayor · Caba, La Union

Clyde CrispinoPhilip Crispino

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Caba
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Philip Crispino
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2010Mayor · Caba
2013Mayor · Caba
2016Vice Mayor · Caba

Governor · La Union

Manuel OrtegaPacoy Ortega

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Pacoy Ortega
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2010Governor · La Union
2013Governor · La Union

Mayor · Magsaysay, Lanao del Norte

Haironi OmarAzisah Omar

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Azisah Omar
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2010Mayor · Magsaysay
2013Mayor · Magsaysay

Mayor · Poona Bayabao, Lanao del Sur

Lampa PandiSadat Pandi

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Poona Bayabao
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Sadat Pandi
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2010Mayor · Poona Bayabao
2013Mayor · Poona Bayabao
2016Vice Mayor · Poona Bayabao

Mayor · Mogpog, Marinduque

Senen LiveloLeo Livelo

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Leo Livelo
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2010Mayor · Mogpog
2013Mayor · Mogpog

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Milagros, Masbate

Jose MagbalonNatividad Magbalon

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+2Jose Magbalon and Natividad Magbalon traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2016
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 21 straight years

2013Vice Mayor · Milagros
2016Mayor · Milagros
2019Vice Mayor · Milagros
2022Vice Mayor · Milagros

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Sapang Dalaga, Misamis Occidental

Donjie AnimasManuel Animas

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

●

’25

+2Donjie Animas and Manuel Animas traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2016
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 24 straight years

2010Mayor · Sapang Dalaga
2013Vice Mayor · Sapang Dalaga
2016Mayor · Sapang Dalaga
2019Mayor · Sapang Dalaga
2025Vice Mayor · Sapang Dalaga

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Bonifacio, Misamis Occidental

Samson DumanjugEvelyn Dumanjug

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+2Samson Dumanjug and Evelyn Dumanjug traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2016
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 24 straight years

2010Mayor · Bonifacio
2013Vice Mayor · Bonifacio
2016Mayor · Bonifacio
2019Mayor · Bonifacio
2022Mayor · Bonifacio

Mayor · Sugbongcogon, Misamis Oriental

Jerome LagbasMildred Lagbas

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Mildred Lagbas
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2010Mayor · Sugbongcogon
2013Mayor · Sugbongcogon

How the risk level is scored

Reached the 3-term limit	+1
Won a different seat in the same province the next election	+1
Vacated seat won by someone with the same surname	+2
Won the same office back later	+2
Traded offices with another official in one election	+2 (+1 if same surname)
Surname held the office 15+ / 21+ straight years	+1 / +2

Low risk 0–2 pointsModerate risk 3–4 pointsHigh risk 5–6 pointsVery high risk 7+ points

What this does and doesn’t mean

Every move counted here is legal. The Local Government Code (and, for House members, the Constitution) limits an official to three consecutive terms in the same office; it does not stop them from running for another office, or for the same office after one term out.

The risk level measures how concentrated a seat has become in one person or one surname. It is not an accusation of wrongdoing.

“Same surname” means a shared last name, or a last name that matches the other’s middle name, as BetterGov.ph Dynasties defines it. A shared name may not mean the two are related.

Source: COMELEC results 2001–2025 compiled by Open Halalan (ODbL), via the BetterGov.ph Dynasties dataset. Covers governor, vice governor, district representative, mayor and vice mayor seats. Representatives fall under the Constitution’s three-term limit.

Political families and surname blocs →