Term limits · 2001–2025 local elections

When the term ends, but the power doesn’t.

Local officials may serve three consecutive terms. 1,482 times since 2001, a term-limited official moved to another seat, handed the seat to someone with the same surname, traded seats, or came back for it.

Very high risk

124

Every case

1,482 seat moves

Each strip shows who won the seat in each election from 2001 to 2025.

Search name or placeRisk levelPatternProvince

This official (●)Same surname (S)Someone elseNo result on file

Highest risk Most recent

Mayor · Pamplona, Cagayan

Aaron SampagaArnie Sampaga

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Pamplona
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Arnie Sampaga
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2010Mayor · Pamplona
2013Mayor · Pamplona
2016Vice Mayor · Pamplona

Mayor · Lagonoy, Camarines Sur

Delfin Pilapil Jr.Delfin Pilapil

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

●

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Delfin Pilapil
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2010Mayor · Lagonoy
2013Mayor · Lagonoy

Mayor · Ivisan, Capiz

Felipe YapNonoy Yap

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Nonoy Yap
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2010Mayor · Ivisan
2013Mayor · Ivisan

Mayor · Panay, Capiz

Dante BermejoDodoy Barredo

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Dodoy Barredo
+2Surname held this office 24 straight years

2010Mayor · Panay
2013Mayor · Panay

Vice Mayor · Magallanes, Cavite

Jasmin MaligayaRenato Dimapilis

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Magallanes
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Renato Dimapilis
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2010Vice Mayor · Magallanes
2013Vice Mayor · Magallanes
2016Mayor · Magallanes
2019Mayor · Magallanes
2022Mayor · Magallanes

Mayor · Kawit, Cavite

Reynaldo AguinaldoAngelo Aguinaldo

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Angelo Aguinaldo
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2010Mayor · Kawit
2013Mayor · Kawit

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Matalam, Cotabato

Cheryl CatamcoOscar Valdevieso

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+2Cheryl Catamco and Oscar Valdevieso traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2016
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 27 straight years

2010Vice Mayor · Matalam
2013Vice Mayor · Matalam
2016Mayor · Matalam
2019Vice Mayor · Matalam

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Banisilan, Cotabato

Jesus AlisasisBetty Allado

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

’07

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

●

’25

+2Jesus Alisasis and Betty Allado traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2016
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 21 straight years

2013Vice Mayor · Banisilan
2016Mayor · Banisilan
2019Mayor · Banisilan
2025Vice Mayor · Banisilan

Mayor · Maragusan San Mariano, Davao de Oro

Cesar ColinaAte Colina

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Maragusan San Mariano
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Ate Colina
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2010Mayor · Maragusan San Mariano
2013Mayor · Maragusan San Mariano
2016Vice Mayor · Maragusan San Mariano
2019Vice Mayor · Maragusan San Mariano
2022Vice Mayor · Maragusan
2025Mayor · Maragusan

Vice Mayor · City of Panabo, Davao del Norte

James GamaoBiboy Gavina

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · City of Panabo
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Biboy Gavina
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2010Vice Mayor · New Corella
2010Vice Mayor · City of Panabo
2013Vice Mayor · New Corella
2013Vice Mayor · City of Panabo
2016Mayor · City of Panabo

Mayor · Sulop, Davao del Sur

Jose SagarinoMaria Sagarino

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Maria Sagarino
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2010Mayor · Sulop
2013Mayor · Sulop

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Malita, Davao Occidental

Bradly Bautista Benjamin Bautista

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

●

’25

+2Bradly Bautista and Benjamin Bautista traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2016
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 24 straight years

2010Vice Mayor · Malita
2013Vice Mayor · Malita
2016Mayor · Malita
2019Mayor · Malita
2022Mayor · Malita
2025Vice Mayor · Malita

Vice Mayor · Maslog, Eastern Samar

Heraclio Santiago Septemio Santiago

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Septemio Santiago
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2010Vice Mayor · Eastern Samar
2010Vice Mayor · Maslog
2013Vice Mayor · Maslog

Vice Mayor · Aguinaldo, Ifugao

Gaspar Chilagan Jr.Tony Chilagan

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Aguinaldo
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Tony Chilagan
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2010Vice Mayor · Aguinaldo
2013Vice Mayor · Aguinaldo
2016Mayor · Aguinaldo
2019Mayor · Aguinaldo
2022Mayor · Aguinaldo

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Nueva Era, Ilocos Norte

Caroline Garvida Aldrin Garvida

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

●

’19

●

’22

●

’25

+2Caroline Garvida and Aldrin Garvida traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2016
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 27 straight years

2010Vice Mayor · Nueva Era
2013Vice Mayor · Nueva Era
2016Mayor · Nueva Era
2019Vice Mayor · Nueva Era
2022Vice Mayor · Nueva Era
2025Vice Mayor · Nueva Era

Vice Mayor · San Esteban, Ilocos Sur

Mildred ElaydoRj Elaydo

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Rj Elaydo
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2010Vice Mayor · San Esteban
2013Vice Mayor · San Esteban

Mayor · Cervantes, Ilocos Sur

Benjamin Maggay Paby Maggay II

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

●

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Paby Maggay II
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2010Mayor · Cervantes
2013Mayor · Cervantes

Mayor · San Esteban, Ilocos Sur

Chester ElaydoRay Elaydo II

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Ray Elaydo II
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2010Mayor · San Esteban
2013Mayor · San Esteban

Mayor · Santa, Ilocos Sur

Jeremy BuenoJesus Bueno Jr.

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Jesus Bueno Jr.
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2010Mayor · Santa
2013Mayor · Santa

Mayor · Ajuy, Iloilo

Juan AlvarezNonoy Rojas

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2016

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Nonoy Rojas
+2Surname held this office 24 straight years

2010Mayor · Ajuy
2013Mayor · Ajuy

How the risk level is scored

Reached the 3-term limit	+1
Won a different seat in the same province the next election	+1
Vacated seat won by someone with the same surname	+2
Won the same office back later	+2
Traded offices with another official in one election	+2 (+1 if same surname)
Surname held the office 15+ / 21+ straight years	+1 / +2

Low risk 0–2 pointsModerate risk 3–4 pointsHigh risk 5–6 pointsVery high risk 7+ points

What this does and doesn’t mean

Every move counted here is legal. The Local Government Code (and, for House members, the Constitution) limits an official to three consecutive terms in the same office; it does not stop them from running for another office, or for the same office after one term out.

The risk level measures how concentrated a seat has become in one person or one surname. It is not an accusation of wrongdoing.

“Same surname” means a shared last name, or a last name that matches the other’s middle name, as BetterGov.ph Dynasties defines it. A shared name may not mean the two are related.

Source: COMELEC results 2001–2025 compiled by Open Halalan (ODbL), via the BetterGov.ph Dynasties dataset. Covers governor, vice governor, district representative, mayor and vice mayor seats. Representatives fall under the Constitution’s three-term limit.

Political families and surname blocs →