Term limits · 2001–2025 local elections

When the term ends, but the power doesn’t.

Local officials may serve three consecutive terms. 1,482 times since 2001, a term-limited official moved to another seat, handed the seat to someone with the same surname, traded seats, or came back for it.

Very high risk

124

Every case

1,482 seat moves

Each strip shows who won the seat in each election from 2001 to 2025.

Search name or placeRisk levelPatternProvince

This official (●)Same surname (S)Someone elseNo result on file

Highest risk Most recent

Mayor · Enrile, Cagayan

Robert TuringanKim Turingan

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Enrile
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Kim Turingan
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2007Mayor · Enrile
2010Mayor · Enrile
2013Vice Mayor · Enrile

Mayor · Gattaran, Cagayan

Ramon Nolasco Jr.Matthew Nolasco

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Matthew Nolasco
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2007Mayor · Gattaran
2010Mayor · Gattaran
2016Representative, 1st District · Cagayan
2019Representative, 1st District · Cagayan
2022Representative, 1st District · Cagayan

Mayor · Lupi, Camarines Sur

Raul MatamorosaRoberto Matamorosa

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Roberto Matamorosa
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2007Mayor · Lupi
2010Mayor · Lupi

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Dumalag, Capiz

Amado CastroLilia Castro

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2013

’01

’04

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+2Amado Castro and Lilia Castro traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2013
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 21 straight years

2010Vice Mayor · Dumalag
2013Mayor · Dumalag

Mayor · Maco, Davao de Oro

Arthur RimandoAlvera Rimando

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Alvera Rimando
+2Surname held this office 24 straight years

2007Mayor · Maco
2010Mayor · Maco

Mayor · Monkayo, Davao de Oro

Manuel Brillantes Jr.Joselito Brillantes

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Monkayo
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Joselito Brillantes
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2007Mayor · Monkayo
2010Mayor · Monkayo
2013Vice Mayor · Monkayo
2022Vice Mayor · Monkayo

Mayor · City of Laoag, Ilocos Norte

Michael Farinas VChevylle Fariñas

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · City of Laoag
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Chevylle Fariñas
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2007Mayor · City of Laoag
2010Mayor · City of Laoag
2013Vice Mayor · City of Laoag
2016Vice Mayor · City of Laoag

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Magsingal, Ilocos Sur

Alrico FavisArlyn Favis

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2013

’01

’04

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

●

’25

+2Alrico Favis and Arlyn Favis traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2013
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 27 straight years

2010Vice Mayor · Magsingal
2013Mayor · Magsingal
2022Mayor · Magsingal
2025Vice Mayor · Magsingal

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Santiago, Ilocos Sur

Josefino Miranda Michael Miranda

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2013

’01

’04

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

●

’22

’25

+2Josefino Miranda and Michael Miranda traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2013
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 27 straight years

2007Mayor · Santiago
2010Vice Mayor · Santiago
2013Mayor · Santiago
2016Mayor · Santiago
2019Mayor · Santiago
2022Vice Mayor · Santiago
2025Mayor · Santiago

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · San Vicente, Ilocos Sur

Jose Tabanda IIINancy Tabanda

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2013

’01

’04

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

●

’22

●

’25

+2Jose Tabanda III and Nancy Tabanda traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2013
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 27 straight years

2007Mayor · San Vicente
2010Vice Mayor · San Vicente
2013Mayor · San Vicente
2016Mayor · San Vicente
2019Mayor · San Vicente
2022Vice Mayor · San Vicente
2025Vice Mayor · San Vicente

Mayor · Aringay, La Union

Teresita OngEric Sibuma

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Eric Sibuma
+2Surname held this office 24 straight years

2007Mayor · Aringay
2010Mayor · Aringay

Vice Mayor · Tagoloan II, Lanao del Sur

Dimalipos SacarAbdal Sacar

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Abdal Sacar
+2Surname held this office 24 straight years

2007Vice Mayor · Tagoloan II
2010Vice Mayor · Tagoloan II

Governor · Leyte

Carlos PetillaLeopoldo Petilla

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Leopoldo Petilla
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2007Governor · Leyte
2010Governor · Leyte

Mayor · City of Masbate, Masbate

Socrates TuasonRowena Tuason

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Rowena Tuason
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2007Mayor · City of Masbate
2010Mayor · City of Masbate

Mayor · Calamba, Misamis Occidental

Luisito VillanuevaEzel Villanueva

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Ezel Villanueva
+2Surname held this office 24 straight years

2007Mayor · Calamba
2010Mayor · Calamba

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Sapang Dalaga, Misamis Occidental

Manuel AnimasDonjie Animas

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2013

●

’01

’04

’07

●

’10

’13

●

’16

’19

●

’22

’25

+2Manuel Animas and Donjie Animas traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2013
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 24 straight years

2010Vice Mayor · Sapang Dalaga
2013Mayor · Sapang Dalaga
2016Vice Mayor · Sapang Dalaga
2022Vice Mayor · Sapang Dalaga

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Bonifacio, Misamis Occidental

Evelyn DumanjugSamson Dumanjug

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2013

’01

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

●

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+2Evelyn Dumanjug and Samson Dumanjug traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2013
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 24 straight years

2007Vice Mayor · Bonifacio
2010Vice Mayor · Bonifacio
2013Mayor · Bonifacio
2016Vice Mayor · Bonifacio
2019Vice Mayor · Bonifacio
2022Vice Mayor · Bonifacio

Mayor · Jasaan, Misamis Oriental

Redentor JardinGrace Jardin

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorReturned to the seatTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

●

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Grace Jardin
+2Won the same office back in 2019

2007Mayor · Jasaan
2010Mayor · Jasaan
2019Mayor · Jasaan

Mayor · Paluan, Occidental Mindoro

Abelardo PangilinanCarl Pangilinan

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Carl Pangilinan
+2Surname held this office 21 straight years

2007Mayor · Paluan
2010Mayor · Paluan

Mayor · Santo Tomas, Pangasinan

Vivien VillarTimoteo Villar III

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Timoteo Villar III
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2007Mayor · Santo Tomas
2010Mayor · Santo Tomas

How the risk level is scored

Reached the 3-term limit	+1
Won a different seat in the same province the next election	+1
Vacated seat won by someone with the same surname	+2
Won the same office back later	+2
Traded offices with another official in one election	+2 (+1 if same surname)
Surname held the office 15+ / 21+ straight years	+1 / +2

Low risk 0–2 pointsModerate risk 3–4 pointsHigh risk 5–6 pointsVery high risk 7+ points

What this does and doesn’t mean

Every move counted here is legal. The Local Government Code (and, for House members, the Constitution) limits an official to three consecutive terms in the same office; it does not stop them from running for another office, or for the same office after one term out.

The risk level measures how concentrated a seat has become in one person or one surname. It is not an accusation of wrongdoing.

“Same surname” means a shared last name, or a last name that matches the other’s middle name, as BetterGov.ph Dynasties defines it. A shared name may not mean the two are related.

Source: COMELEC results 2001–2025 compiled by Open Halalan (ODbL), via the BetterGov.ph Dynasties dataset. Covers governor, vice governor, district representative, mayor and vice mayor seats. Representatives fall under the Constitution’s three-term limit.

Political families and surname blocs →