Term limits · 2001–2025 local elections

When the term ends, but the power doesn’t.

Local officials may serve three consecutive terms. 1,482 times since 2001, a term-limited official moved to another seat, handed the seat to someone with the same surname, traded seats, or came back for it.

Very high risk

124

Every case

1,482 seat moves

Each strip shows who won the seat in each election from 2001 to 2025.

Search name or placeRisk levelPatternProvince

This official (●)Same surname (S)Someone elseNo result on file

Highest risk Most recent

Mayor · San Antonio, Quezon

Aniano WaganErick Wagan

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Erick Wagan
+2Surname held this office 24 straight years

2007Mayor · San Antonio
2010Mayor · San Antonio

Mayor · Pinabacdao, Samar

Mario QuijanoQuintin Quijano

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Pinabacdao
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Quintin Quijano
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2007Mayor · Pinabacdao
2010Mayor · Pinabacdao
2013Vice Mayor · Pinabacdao

Mayor · Pintuyan, Southern Leyte

Celsa EstrellaRustico Estrella Sr.

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Rustico Estrella Sr.
+2Surname held this office 24 straight years

2007Mayor · Pintuyan
2010Mayor · Pintuyan

Mayor · Tongkil, Sulu

Abdulwahid SahidullaWhajid Sahidulla

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Whajid Sahidulla
+2Surname held this office 24 straight years

2007Mayor · Tongkil
2010Mayor · Tongkil

Vice Mayor · Concepcion, Tarlac

Andres LacsonDanilo David

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Concepcion
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Danilo David
+1Surname held this office 15 straight years

2007Vice Mayor · Concepcion
2010Vice Mayor · Concepcion
2013Mayor · Concepcion

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Sitangkai, Tawi-Tawi

Serbin AhajaTiblan Ahaja

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2013

’01

’04

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

●

’19

●

’22

’25

+2Serbin Ahaja and Tiblan Ahaja traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2013
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 27 straight years

2007Mayor · Sitangkai
2010Vice Mayor · Sitangkai
2013Mayor · Sitangkai
2016Mayor · Sitangkai
2019Vice Mayor · Sitangkai
2022Vice Mayor · Sitangkai

Mayor · Santa Cruz, Zambales

Luisito MartyConsolacion Marty

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Consolacion Marty
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2007Mayor · Santa Cruz
2010Mayor · Santa Cruz

Mayor · San Miguel, Zamboanga del Sur

Nestor LoquiasAngelito Martinez II

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Angelito Martinez II
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2007Mayor · San Miguel
2010Mayor · San Miguel

Mayor · Olutanga, Zamboanga Sibugay

Joel CapotulanHilario Capotulan

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2013

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Olutanga
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Hilario Capotulan
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2007Mayor · Olutanga
2010Mayor · Olutanga
2013Vice Mayor · Olutanga

Mayor · Manabo, Abra

Masayo DomasingDarrell Domasing

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Darrell Domasing
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2004Mayor · Manabo
2007Mayor · Manabo

Mayor · Bunawan, Agusan del Sur

Gilbert ElordeEdwin Elorde

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Edwin Elorde
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2004Mayor · Bunawan
2007Mayor · Bunawan

Mayor · San Remigio, Antique

Elizabeth ColosoGlenn Cabigunda

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · San Remigio
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Glenn Cabigunda
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2004Mayor · San Remigio
2007Mayor · San Remigio
2010Vice Mayor · San Remigio
2013Vice Mayor · San Remigio
2016Vice Mayor · San Remigio

Governor · Apayao

Elias Bulut Sr.

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsReturned to the seatTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

●

’10

●

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Mayor · Calanasan
+2Won the same office back in 2013
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2004Governor · Apayao
2004Representative · Apayao
2007Governor · Apayao
2007Representative · Apayao
2010Governor · Apayao
2010Mayor · Calanasan
2013Governor · Apayao
2013Mayor · Calanasan

Mayor · Lantawan, Basilan

Tahira IsmaelRustam Ismael

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Rustam Ismael
+2Surname held this office 24 straight years

2004Mayor · Lantawan
2007Mayor · Lantawan

Mayor · Getafe, Bohol

Theresa CamachoCaryboy Camacho

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Caryboy Camacho
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2004Mayor · Getafe
2007Mayor · Getafe

Mayor · Santander, Cebu

Wilson WenceslaoMarilyn Wenceslao

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Vice Mayor · Santander
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Marilyn Wenceslao
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2004Mayor · Santander
2007Mayor · Santander
2010Vice Mayor · Santander
2013Vice Mayor · Santander

Mayor · Boljoon, Cebu

Deogenes DeramaTeresita Celis

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Teresita Celis
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2004Mayor · Boljoon
2007Mayor · Boljoon

Mayor · City of Lapu-Lapu, Cebu

Arturo RadazaPaz Radaza

High risk · 5 pts

Swapped seatsSame-surname successorTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+1Won another seat the next election: Representative · Cebu
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Paz Radaza
+1Surname held this office 18 straight years

2004Mayor · City of Lapu-Lapu
2007Mayor · City of Lapu-Lapu
2010Representative · Cebu

Vice Mayor ⇄ Mayor · Aloguinsan, Cebu

Augustus MorenoCynthia Moreno

High risk · 5 pts

Seat exchangeTerm limit 2010

’01

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+2Augustus Moreno and Cynthia Moreno traded Vice Mayor and Mayor in 2010
+1Both share the same surname
+2Surname held these offices 27 straight years

2007Vice Mayor · Aloguinsan
2010Mayor · Aloguinsan

Mayor · Talaingod, Davao del Norte

Pilar LibayaoBasilio Libayao

High risk · 5 pts

Same-surname successorTerm limit 2010

●

’01

●

’04

●

’07

’10

’13

’16

’19

’22

’25

+1Reached the 3-term limit
+2Same-surname successor took the seat: Basilio Libayao
+2Surname held this office 27 straight years

2004Mayor · Talaingod
2007Mayor · Talaingod

How the risk level is scored

Reached the 3-term limit	+1
Won a different seat in the same province the next election	+1
Vacated seat won by someone with the same surname	+2
Won the same office back later	+2
Traded offices with another official in one election	+2 (+1 if same surname)
Surname held the office 15+ / 21+ straight years	+1 / +2

Low risk 0–2 pointsModerate risk 3–4 pointsHigh risk 5–6 pointsVery high risk 7+ points

What this does and doesn’t mean

Every move counted here is legal. The Local Government Code (and, for House members, the Constitution) limits an official to three consecutive terms in the same office; it does not stop them from running for another office, or for the same office after one term out.

The risk level measures how concentrated a seat has become in one person or one surname. It is not an accusation of wrongdoing.

“Same surname” means a shared last name, or a last name that matches the other’s middle name, as BetterGov.ph Dynasties defines it. A shared name may not mean the two are related.

Source: COMELEC results 2001–2025 compiled by Open Halalan (ODbL), via the BetterGov.ph Dynasties dataset. Covers governor, vice governor, district representative, mayor and vice mayor seats. Representatives fall under the Constitution’s three-term limit.

Political families and surname blocs →